EBK ELEMENTARY SURVEYING
EBK ELEMENTARY SURVEYING
15th Edition
ISBN: 8220106714225
Author: GHILANI
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 17, Problem 17.1P
To determine

A list of methods that can be used to display relief on a map.

Expert Solution & Answer
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Explanation of Solution

  • Contours are the most common method used to show relief or elevation in a topo map. Contour lines are the imaginary lines that join same elevation above the mean sea level. The elevation represents the vertical height from mean sea level. Contour lines to display relief are shown in fig.1.

EBK ELEMENTARY SURVEYING, Chapter 17, Problem 17.1P

Fig.1

  • Form lines are the approximate contours lines which do not shows the accurate elevations. Form lines are used to find the minor details in a topo map. Form lines are represented as dashed lines and it is no labeled with the representative elevations.
  • Spot heights are denoted by a black dot followed by a number, which shows the accurate height of the place and the number denotes the height of the place.
  • Hachures are the discontinuous parallel lines drawn along the direction of maximum slope, which does not represent the accurate elevation and is mainly used to show large, rocky outcrop areas. These lines are drawn thickly on the high slopes and thinly on the low slope.
  • Layer tinting is the method of representing different elevations by means of color. A different color is used to represent each elevation. Layer tinting does not show the accurate height of the specific place.

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