Economics: Principles & Policy
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781337696326
Author: William J. Baumol; Alan S. Blinder; John L. Solow
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 16, Problem 3TY
To determine
The amount of pollution emitted.
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Economics: Principles & Policy
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- California once proposed legislation that would have required 10 percent of its car fleet to be nearly emissions-free by the year 2003. This mandate spurred electric vehicle research. Such vehicles could be powered by photovoltaic cells or by batteries that are recharged using an electrical outlet. Would you agree that it is correct to conclude that electric vehicles that use electrical outlets are emissions-free? What about electric vehicles powered by photovoltaic cells?arrow_forwardImagine the government of California has proposed a new tax on vehicles based on the amount of emissions they produce in a year. In 2019, there will be 20 tons of emissions produced. The governor’s office has run the calculations and found that the socially optimal level is 14 tons and the marginal damage from each unit of pollution is $150. Imagine there are two types of drivers in California: commuters and non-commuters. Imagine that the marginal cost of reducing pollution for commuters is MCA_C=150Q and the marginal cost of reducing pollution for non-commuters is MCA_N=30Q. Each type initially created ten tons of pollution each. Their total cost of reductions is equal to TCA_C=75Q^2 and TCA_N=15Q^2. How much would each type choose to reduce under the tax? Imagine the governor instead suggested forcing all drivers to reduce their emissions by 30% from their 2019 levels. How would the costs of reduction here compare to the taxation case (please provide actual numbers)? Do you…arrow_forwardHow would you distinguish between consumerism and environmentalism in terms of scope and influence?arrow_forward
- What are the costs of pollution according to the Lancet Commission on pollution and health? Why are those numbers likely to be an underestimate? Explain.arrow_forwardDraw a graph of water pollution as a negative externality and explain itarrow_forwardHow do economists determine the optimal amount of pollution control?arrow_forward
- What are pollution havens? How are they created or why do they exist? Why do economists think they may change over time and develop policies to reduce pollution?arrow_forwardWhat are corrective taxes? Why do economists prefer them to regulations as a way to protect the environment from pollution?arrow_forwardWhen studying pollution and the environment, economists A) emphasize costs and benefits. B) attempt to reduce pollution at all costs. C) think pollution is good if it occurs when production takes place. D) have no role to play. E) concentrate on the physical aspects of the environment.arrow_forward
- In 300-500 words, describe two examples of positive externalities and two examples of negative externalities in the real world. Pollution doesn't count..arrow_forwardWhich of the following describes the effect of an optimal tax on pollution?Select one:a. a benevolent social planner is able to maximize productionb. producers choose not to produce any pollutionc. the value to consumers at market equilibrium exceeds the cost of production (including tax)d. producers internalize the cost of the pollutionarrow_forwardSuppose a country has two airlines. One is a small domestic airline that uses modern airplanes with lower CO2 emissions, and the other is a large international airline that uses older jumbo jets carrying hundreds of people at one time. A carbon emissions tax on airlines would be more efficient than a strict limit (command and control) on the total amount of carbon emissions each airline can produce. Two reasons that support this statement are: a. A carbon emissions tax would a.allow the larger airline to continue using its less efficient airplanes b.not allow the large airline to continue using its less efficient airplanes . b. A command-and-control policy would likely a.allow the larger airline to continue its service. b.force the larger airline to curb its service.arrow_forward
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