Chapter 16, Problem 3DA

To determine

The amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere each year by each car based on the fuel consumption calculated in question 2, assuming that the combustion of gasoline releases 2.3 kilograms of carbon dioxide per liter.

Answer to Problem 3DA

Model	Miles per Gallon (mpg)	Kilometers per Liter (kpl)	Annual Liters (Gallons) of Gasoline	Annual ${\text{CO}}_2$ Emissions
Toyota Prius Hybrid	55	23.34	826.90	1901.87
Honda CR-Z AV-S7	37	15.70	1229.30	2827.39
Chevrolet Cruze A-S6	30	12.73	1516.10	3487.03
Ford Fusion AS6	29	12.30	1568.21	3606.88
Ford F150 2WD-6 Pickup Truck	20	80.48	239.81	551.56
Chevrolet Silverado DC15 2WD Pickup Truck	20	80.48	239.81	551.56
Toyota Tundra Pickup Truck A-S6	16	6.79	2842.41	6537.54
Ferrari AM7	13	5.51	3502.72	8056.256

Explanation of Solution

Given info:

Model	Miles per Gallon (mpg)	Kilometers per Liter (kpl)	Annual Liters (Gallons) of Gasoline
Toyota Prius Hybrid	55	23.34	826.90
Honda CR-Z AV-S7	37	15.70	1229.30
Chevrolet Cruze A-S6	30	12.73	1516.10
Ford Fusion AS6	29	12.30	1568.21
Ford F150 2WD-6 Pickup Truck	20	80.48	239.81
Chevrolet Silverado DC15 2WD Pickup Truck	20	80.48	239.81
Toyota Tundra Pickup Truck A-S6	16	6.79	2842.41
Ferrari AM7	13	5.51	3502.72

$\begin{array}{l}1\text{mile}=1.6\text{kilometers}\\ 1\text{liter}=0.265\text{gallon}\\ 1\text{gallon}=3.77\text{liters}\\ \text{Amount}\text{of}\text{carbon}\text{dioxide}\text{released}\text{by}\text{one}\text{liter}\text{of}\text{gasoline}=2.3\text{kg}\end{array}$

The equation for converting the miles per gallon figures of Toyota Prius Hybrid into kilometers per liter is as follows:

$\text{Kilometers per liter}\text{of}\text{Toyota Prius Hybrid}\text{=}\frac{\text{Miles per gallon}\text{of}\text{Toyota Prius Hybrid}\times \text{1}\text{.6}\text{kms}}{3.77\text{liter}}$

Substitute the given values in the following equation, then the following is obtained:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Kilometers per liter}\text{of}\text{Toyota Prius Hybrid}=\frac{55\text{mpg}\times \text{1}\text{.6}\text{kms}}{3.77\text{liter}}\\ =\frac{88\text{kms}}{3.77\text{liter}}\\ =23.34\text{kpl}\end{array}$

Therefore, the amount of gasoline used by each car annually if it was driven 19,300 kilometers (12,000 miles) per year can be calculated as follows:

$\text{The amount of gasoline used by each car annually}\text{in}\text{liters}\text{=}\frac{\text{Distance}\text{driven}\text{by}\text{the}\text{car}\text{per}\text{year}}{\text{Kilometers}\text{per}\text{liter}}$

To calculate the amount of gasoline used by Toyota Prius Hybrid annually if it was driven 19,300 kilometers (12,000 miles) per year, substitute the given values in the equation. Then, the following value is obtained.

$\begin{array}{c}\text{The amount of gasoline used by Toyota Prius Hybrid}\text{annually}\text{in}\text{liters}\text{=}\frac{19300\text{kilometers}}{23.34\text{kpl}}\\ =826.90\text{liters}\end{array}$

The equation for calculating the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere each year is as follows:

$\left\{\begin{array}{l}\text{The amount of carbon dioxide}\\ \text{ released}\text{into}\text{the atmosphere }\\ \text{each year}\text{by}\text{a}\text{car}\end{array}\right\}=\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Annual Liters of }\\ \text{Gasoline}\text{used by }\text{a}\text{car}\end{array}\right)\times \left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Amount}\text{of}\text{carbon}\text{dioxide}\\ \text{released}\text{by}\text{one}\text{liter}\text{of}\text{gasoline}\end{array}\right)$

Substitute the given values in the equation to calculate the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere each year. Then, the following is obtained:

$\begin{array}{c}\left\{\begin{array}{l}\text{The amount of carbon dioxide released}\text{into}\text{the }\\ \text{atmosphere each year}\text{by}\text{Toyota Prius Hybrid}\end{array}\right\}=826.90\text{liters}\times 2.3\text{kg}\\ \text{=}\text{1901}\text{.87}\text{kilograms}\end{array}$