The complement destruction of the pathogenic organisms. Given: “Successful parasite ” and “avoid destruction by complement” . Introduction: The complement system consists of thirty heat-labile proteins from plasma, which involves the opsonization of pathogens for assisting the immune responses of the host. The complement proteins are protease in nature, which helps to cleave the antigens to neutralize the infectious substances. It is a cascade or a series of proteins (from C1 to C9 and some proteins are indicated as lower cases a and b) that commence at the time of infection which is termed as complement activation. The proteins from the complement system play a major role in the destruction of microbes by inflammation, cytolysis and opsonization. It is an essential barrier that protects the host tissue from the invading organisms.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 16, Problem 3A

Summary Introduction

To write:

The complement destruction of the pathogenic organisms.

Given:

“Successful parasite” and “avoid destruction by complement”.

Introduction:

The complement system consists of thirty heat-labile proteins from plasma, which involves the opsonization of pathogens for assisting the immune responses of the host. The complement proteins are protease in nature, which helps to cleave the antigens to neutralize the infectious substances. It is a cascade or a series of proteins (from C1 to C9 and some proteins are indicated as lower cases a and b) that commence at the time of infection which is termed as complement activation.

The proteins from the complement system play a major role in the destruction of microbes by inflammation, cytolysis and opsonization. It is an essential barrier that protects the host tissue from the invading organisms.

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You have a bacterial strain with the CMU operon: a) As shown in the image below, the cmu operon encodes a peptide (Pep1), as well as a kinase and regulator corresponding to a two-component system. The cmu operon is activated when Pep 1 is added to the growth media. Pep1 is a peptide that when added extracellularly leads to activation of the Cmu operon. Pep1 cmu-kinase cmu-regulator You also have these genetic components in other strains: b) An alternative sigma factor, with a promoter activated by the cmu-regulator, that control a series of multiple operons that together encode a transformasome (cellular machinery for transformation). c) the gene cl (a repressor). d) the promoter X, which includes a cl binding site (and in the absence of cl is active). e) the gene gp (encoding a green fluorescence protein). Using the cmu operon as a starting point, and assuming you can perform cloning to rearrange any of these genomic features, how would you use one or more of these to modify the…

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 16, Problem 3A

Summary Introduction

To write:

The complement destruction of the pathogenic organisms.

Given:

“Successful parasite” and “avoid destruction by complement”.

Introduction:

The complement system consists of thirty heat-labile proteins from plasma, which involves the opsonization of pathogens for assisting the immune responses of the host. The complement proteins are protease in nature, which helps to cleave the antigens to neutralize the infectious substances. It is a cascade or a series of proteins (from C1 to C9 and some proteins are indicated as lower cases a and b) that commence at the time of infection which is termed as complement activation.

The proteins from the complement system play a major role in the destruction of microbes by inflammation, cytolysis and opsonization. It is an essential barrier that protects the host tissue from the invading organisms.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 16, Problem 3A

Summary Introduction

To write:

The complement destruction of the pathogenic organisms.

Given:

“Successful parasite” and “avoid destruction by complement”.

Introduction:

The complement system consists of thirty heat-labile proteins from plasma, which involves the opsonization of pathogens for assisting the immune responses of the host. The complement proteins are protease in nature, which helps to cleave the antigens to neutralize the infectious substances. It is a cascade or a series of proteins (from C1 to C9 and some proteins are indicated as lower cases a and b) that commence at the time of infection which is termed as complement activation.

The proteins from the complement system play a major role in the destruction of microbes by inflammation, cytolysis and opsonization. It is an essential barrier that protects the host tissue from the invading organisms.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 16, Problem 3A

Summary Introduction