Essential Cosmic Perspective
Essential Cosmic Perspective
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780135795033
Author: Bennett
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 16, Problem 38EAP
To determine

Choose the best answer to the following. Explain your reasoning with one or more complete sentences.
When we observe a distant galaxy, whose photons have traveled for 10 billion years before reaching Earth, we are seeing that galaxy as it was when the universe was about (A) 10 billion years old. (B) 7 billion years old. (C) 4 billion years old.

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6. Bending a lens in OpticStudio or OSLO. In either package, create a BK7 singlet lens of 10 mm semi-diameter and with 10 mm thickness. Set the wavelength to the (default) 0.55 microns and a single on-axis field point at infinite object distance. Set the image distance to 200 mm. Make the first surface the stop insure that the lens is fully filled (that is, that the entrance beam has a radius of 10 mm). Use the lens-maker's equation to calculate initial glass curvatures assuming you want a symmetric, bi-convex lens with an effective focal length of 200 mm. Get this working and examine the RMS spot size using the "Text" tab of the Spot Diagram analysis tab (OpticStudio) or the Spd command of the text widnow (OSLO). You should find the lens is far from diffraction limited, with a spot size of more than 100 microns. Now let's optimize this lens. In OpticStudio, create a default merit function optimizing on spot size.Then insert one extra line at the top of the merit function. Assign the…
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Essential Cosmic Perspective

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