Concept explainers
a)
To discuss: The statement that “Unlike country A firms, which are often being pressured by their shareholders to rise the dividends, country J companies pay out a much smaller proportion of earnings and so enjoy a lower cost of capital”.
b)
To discuss: The statement that “unlike new capital, which needs a stream of new dividends to service it,
c)
To discuss: The statement that “if a company repurchases stock instead of paying dividend, the number of shares falls and earnings per share increase. Thus stock repurchase should often be preferred to paying dividends”.
The share repurchase is the strategy by which companies will take back or buy back its own shares from the market place. If the management considered the shares are undervalued the company may buy back its shares.
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PRIN.OF CORPORATE FINANCE
- Suppose that a new government is elected and it changes the law applying to firms to:• Allow dividend payments to be tax deductible• Stop interest expense on debt from being tax deductibleHolding other factors constant, and assuming that firms seek to maintain an optimal capital structure in accordance with trade-off theory, what would you expect to happen to the debt ratio of a firm with both equity and debt in its capital structure?a. An increase in the debt ratiob. A decrease in the debt ratioc. The debt ratio would be unchangedd. The debt ratio would doublee. None of the above or it is not possible to sayarrow_forwardTRUE OR FALSE Answer as either true or false and provide a reason for why. When a company pays dividends, its share price falls. Modigliani and Miller proposition II (without taxes) implies that the weighed average cost of capital increases as more debt is issued, since debt make the firm more risky The empirical findings that more profitable firms have lower debt ratios is consistent with the trade-off theory regarding capital structure. The WACC formula assumes that the amount of debt issued remains constant. Other things being equal, buying a put option is the same as selling a call optionarrow_forwardWhich of the following about optimal capital structure is incorrect? Optimal capital structure is the mixed of debt and equity capital that minimizes the firm’s weighted average cost of capital A company that follows the pecking order theory will use external financing thru debt after exhausting all the possible financing thru equity The management empire-building theory views high interest payments as to prevent management from unreasonable spending A company can take advantage of its high corporate tax rate as tax shield, under the trade-off theoryarrow_forward
- Which of the following is one of the causes of over capitalization? a. Reduction in the market price of shares. b. Buying of shares in the unleveraged firm. c. Borrowing huge amount at higher rate than rate at which company can earn. d. Reduction in the rate of dividend and interest paymentsarrow_forwardConsider the following statements: The main lesson to be learned from the Modigliani and Miller theory of capital structure assuming perfect markets and no taxation is that: I. a firm cannot affect its value by changing its capital structure II. the value of the firm is determined by its total cash flows III. the weighted average cost of capital increases as financial leverage decreases IV. the weighted average cost of capital decreases as financial leverage decreases V. the weighted average cost of capital remains the same whatever the level of financial leverage. Which of the statements is true? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a I and V only b I, II and V only c II, III and IV only d None of the above e I and II onlyarrow_forwardConsider the following statements: The main lesson to be learned from the Modigliani and Miller theory of capital structure assuming perfect markets and no taxation is that: I. a firm cannot affect its value by changing its capital structure II. the value of the firm is determined by its total cash flows III. the weighted average cost of capital increases as financial leverage decreases IV. the weighted average cost of capital decreases as financial leverage decreases V. the weighted average cost of capital remains the same whatever the level of financial leverage. Which of the statements is true? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a I and V only I, Il and V only II, II and IV only None of the above I and Il onlyarrow_forward
- The weighted average cost of capital for a firm: O is equivalent to the after-tax cost of the firm's outstanding debt. O is a weighted average between the cost of equity and the (after-tax) cost of debt. O is unaffected when there is any change in the corporate tax rate. O remains constant when the firm's capital structure changes.arrow_forwardDiscuss the factors that affect the WACC. Also discuss how these factors may differ somewhat from country to country. For example, if a company has a stronger balance sheet than other companies in its industry, investors will likely be willing to accept a lower interest rates on its bonds and this will lower the company’s overall cost of capital.arrow_forwardWhich statement about capital structure is the most correct? a. The more the company borrows, the lower will be the after-tax WACC. This increases the present value of the firm free cash flows which represents the value of the levered firm. Therefore, a firm should always seek to borrow as much debt as possible. b. The more the company borrows, the higher will be its tax shields, therefore a company will always prefer to issue debt than equity. c. Because the cost of debt is cheaper than the cost of equity, a company should use as much debt as possible to finance their projects d. Lenders rank ahead of shareholders when the company goes bankrupt. This increased risk for shareholders means the cost of equity is higher than the cost of debt. e. A company should always try to reduce its debt because of the high bankruptcy risk associated with debt. A company should aim to have 100% equity financing if it is possible.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements regarding capital structure is(are) correct? Choose all correct answer(s). Airlines have very high leverage because they have very stable cash flows and low probability of financial distress Assume that United States adopted a dividend imputation system, the tax benefit of debt financing would decrease on average. Other things equal (i.e. identical leverage and identical asset value), an iron ore company's financial distress O cost is likely to be higher than a gold mining company because iron ore company's beta is likely to be higher than that of the gold mining company. Companies' actual leverage ratios often deviate from their optimal ratios but over the long-run they tend to adjust the leverage ratios toward their optimal levels.arrow_forwardA firm is planning to borrow money to make an equity repurchase to increase its stock price. It is basing its analysis on the fact that there will be fewer shares outstanding after the repurchases, and higher earnings per share. There are no taxes. a. Will earnings per share always increase after such an action? Explain.b. Will the higher earnings per share always translate into a higher stock price? Explain.c. Under what conditions will such a transaction lead to a higher price?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is correct? a. Companies may pay too high a price in a large open market repurchase if it takes too long to complete. b. If a company uses the residual dividend model to determine its dividend payments, dividends payout will tend to increase whenever its profitable investment opportunities increase. c. An investor's capital gains from selling stock in a repurchase are always taxed at a higher rate than if the distribution were dividends. d. The tax code encourages companies to pay dividends rather than reinvest earnings. e. The stronger management thinks the clientele effect is, the more likely the firm is to adopt a strict version of the residual dividend model.arrow_forward
- Financial Reporting, Financial Statement Analysis...FinanceISBN:9781285190907Author:James M. Wahlen, Stephen P. Baginski, Mark BradshawPublisher:Cengage Learning