Chapter 16, Problem 21P

To determine

Concept Introduction:

Basic Earnings per share:

The Basic Earnings per share is the amount of net income earned by each common share outstanding. The Earnings per share calculated by with help of following formula:

  $\text{Basic Earnings per share=}\frac{\text{Net Income - Preferred Dividend}}{\text{Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding}}$

  $\begin{array}{l} \hfill \\ NetIncomeavailabletocommonstockholder=Netincome–PreferredDividend\hfill \end{array}$

Debt to Equity Ratio:

Debt to equity ratio is calculated to determine the leverage position of the company. It compares the total liabilities of the company with it total shareholders’ equity. The debt to equity ratio is calculated by dividing the Total Liabilities by Total Stockholder’s Equity. The formula to calculate Debt to equity ratio is as follows:

  $\text{Debt to equity ratio = }\frac{\text{Total liabilities}}{\text{Total Stockholder’s Equity}}$

Current Ratio:

Current Ratio is measure of the company’s ability to pay off its current liabilities using its current assets. It is calculated by dividing the total current assets by total current liabilities. The formula of the current ratio is as follows:

  $CurrentRatio=\frac{Currentassets}{Currentliabilities}$

Acid test ratio:

Acid test ration is also called Quick ratio. This ratio is calculated by dividing the quick assets (Cash, Cash equivalents, Short term investments and current receivables) by total current liabilities for the year. The formula for Acid test ratio is as follows:

  $Acidtestratio=\frac{\left(Cash+Cashequivalents+Shortterminvestments+Accountsreceivables\right)}{CurrentLiabilities}$

Accounts receivable turnover ratio:

This is an efficiency ratio that indicates the conversion of accounts receivable into cash. This ratio is calculated by dividing the Net credit Sales by the Average accounts receivable. The formula to calculate this ratio is as follows:

  $Accountsreceivableturnoverratio= \frac{NetcreditSales}{Averageaccountsreceivable}$

Inventory Turnover Ratio: Inventory Turnover Ratio measures the efficiency of the company in converting its inventory into sales. It is calculated by dividing the Cost of goods sold by Average inventory. The formula of the Inventory Turnover Ratio is as follows:

  $InventoryTurnoverRatio=\frac{Costofgoodssold}{Averageinventory}$

Note: Average inventory is calculated with the help of following formula:

  $Averageinventory=\frac{(Beginninginventory+Endinginventory)}{2}$

Times interest earned Ratio:

A company pays its interest expenses from the Net operating Income available. To find the company’s ability to pay the interest expenses, the ratio of Net operating income to Interest expense should be calculated. Times Interest earned ratio shows the number of times interest expenses are covered by the net operating income. It is calculated by dividing the Net operating Income by Interest Expense. The formula is as under:

Times interest earned Ratio = Net Operating Income / Interest Expense

(Note: The numerator of the formula .Net operating income. is equal to the Income before deduction of Interest and taxes)

Return on total Assets: The Return on total assets is profitability ratio that measures the percentage of profit earned on average assets invested in the business. Return on asset is calculated by dividing the net income by average total assets. The formula to calculate Return on assets is as follows:

  $Returnonassets=\frac{Netincome}{AverageTotalAssets}$

Note: Average total assets are calculated as an average of beginning and ending total assets. The formula to calculate the average total assets is as follows:

  $AveragetotalAssets=\frac{\left(Beginningtotalassets+Endingtotalassets\right)}{2}$

To calculate:The missing amounts for balance sheet and income statement