EBK HUMAN BIOLOGY
EBK HUMAN BIOLOGY
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780100545939
Author: MCMILLAN
Publisher: YUZU
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Chapter 16, Problem 1RQ

Distinguish between:

  1. a. seminiferous tubule and vas deferens
  2. b. sperm and semen
  3. c. Leydig cells and Sertoli cells
  4. d. primary oocyte and secondary oocyte
  5. e. follicle and corpus luteum
  6. f. the three phases of the menstrual cycle

a.

Expert Solution
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Summary Introduction

To distinguish: Between seminiferous tubule and vas deferens.

Introduction: Reproductive system (or genital system) is involved in sexual reproduction. The male and female reproductive systems’ function is to propagate the species. Gametogenesis is a process by which male and female gametes are produced. Spermatogenesis and oogenesis are the two types of gametogenesis processes present in the sexual reproduction of animals.

Explanation of Solution

Tabular representation: Table 1 shows the differences between seminiferous tubule and vas deferens.

Table 1: Differences between seminiferous tubule and vas deferens:

CharacteristicsSeminiferous tubuleVas deferens
DefinitionIt is a narrow coiled tube that produces sperm in the testes.Vas deferens, also called ductus deferens, is a narrow tube that carries sperm from the epididymis toward the urethra.
FunctionSpermatogenesis process that involves the development of sperm occurs inside the seminiferous tubule of the testis.The smooth muscle in the walls of the vas deferens contracts reflexively during ejaculation, thus, helping in propelling the sperm forward.

b.

Expert Solution
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Summary Introduction

To distinguish: Between sperm and semen.

Introduction: Reproductive system (or genital system) is involved in sexual reproduction. The male and female reproductive systems’ function is to propagate the species. The primary reproductive structures of male reproductive system are testes. The accessory structures of the male reproductive system include a group of male accessory glands, the penis (organ of copulation), and a complex set of tubules and ducts from testis to penis.

Explanation of Solution

Tabular representation: Table 2 shows the differences between sperm and semen.

Table 2: Differences between sperm and semen:

CharacteristicsSpermSemen
DefinitionIt is the male reproductive cell.The seminal fluid combines with the sperm to form semen.
FormationIt is produced in the testis by spermatozoa.It is a collection of sperm and seminal fluid (fluid that is produced by bulbourethral gland, prostate gland, and seminal vesicle).
FunctionIt carries the male genetic information to an egg cell of the same species and undergoes fertilization with the egg cell.It carries the sperms, nourishes the sperm cells, and maintains their mobility.

c.

Expert Solution
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Summary Introduction

To distinguish: Between Leydig cells and Sertoli cells.

Introduction: Reproductive system (or genital system) is involved in sexual reproduction. The male and female reproductive systems’ function is to propagate the species. Leydig cells and Sertoli cells are the two types of cells found in the testicles of humans.

Explanation of Solution

Tabular representation: Table 3 shows the differences between Leydig cells and Sertoli cells.

Table 3: Differences between Leydig cells and Sertoli cells:

CharacteristicsLeydig cellsSertoli cells
LocationThese types of cells are situated in the testicle just adjacent to the seminiferous tubules.These types of cells are found in the seminiferous tubules.
Single or groupsThey are found in small groups.They are found as single, not in groups.
ProducesThis type of cells secretes testosterone by the influence of luteinizing hormone (LH).This type of cells produces androgen-binding protein in the lumen of tubules in the presence of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
ShapeThey are large cells that are polyhedral in shape.They are elongated cells.
FunctionThese cells play an important role in producing testosterone.These cells have a major function in support.

d.

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Summary Introduction

To distinguish: Between primary oocyte and secondary oocyte.

Introduction: Reproductive system (or genital system) is involved in sexual reproduction. The male and female reproductive systems’ function is to propagate the species. Gametogenesis is a process by which male and female gametes are produced. Spermatogenesis and oogenesis are the two types of gametogenesis processes present in the sexual reproduction of animals.

Explanation of Solution

Tabular representation: Table 4 shows the differences between primary oocyte and secondary oocyte.

Table 4: Differences between primary oocyte and secondary oocyte:

CharacteristicsPrimary oocyteSecondary oocyte
DefinitionThe primary oocytes are produced from the primordial germ cells during the embryonic development of the female. The division in primary oocyte results in the formation of secondary oocyte.Post-puberty meiosis resumes the primary oocyte and becomes an ovarian follicle with layers of cell around it and completes meiosis II as a secondary oocyte.
MeiosisThey are then halted during prophase I of meiosis.The secondary oocyte is halted at metaphase II and is not resumed until fertilization.

e.

Expert Solution
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Summary Introduction

To distinguish: Between follicle and corpus luteum.

Introduction: Reproductive system (or genital system) is involved in sexual reproduction. The male and female reproductive systems’ function is to propagate the species. Gametogenesis is a process by which male and female gametes are produced. Spermatogenesis and oogenesis are the two types of gametogenesis processes present in the sexual reproduction of animals.

Explanation of Solution

Tabular representation: Table 5 shows the differences between follicle and corpus luteum.

Table 5: Differences between follicle and corpus luteum:

CharacteristicsFollicleCorpus luteum
Consists ofAn oocyte, zona pellucida, cellular membranous granulose surrounded by theca cells.Luteum cells, fibrin, and blood clot.
ContainsIt contains follicular antrum filled with follicular fluid.It contains blood clot.
Formed byIt is formed by the germinal epithelium of the ovary.It is formed after the release of secondary oocyte from the Graafian follicle.
SecreteIts granular cells secrete estrogens.It secretes progesterone.

f.

Expert Solution
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Summary Introduction

To distinguish: Between the three phases of the menstrual cycle.

Introduction: The developing follicles and the corpus luteum secrete estrogen and progesterone hormones. In the endometrial lining, cyclic changes occur under the influence of estrogen and progesterone. The three phases of uterine cycle are menstrual phase, proliferative phase, and secretory phase.

Explanation of Solution

Tabular representation: Table 6 shows the differences between the three phases of the menstrual cycle.

Table 6: Differences between the three phases of the menstrual cycle:

CriteriaMenstrual phaseProliferative phaseSecretory phase
Time durationThis phase occurs during the first five days of the uterine cycle.This phase occurs between 6–14 days of the uterine cycle.This phase occurs between 15–28 days of uterine cycle.
Events occurs during the phaseIn this phase, the functional layer of the endometrium sloughs off and lasts till the period of menstrual bleeding ends.The proliferative phase is marked by the development of follicle, estrogen secretion, and formation of new functional layer of the endometrium.Vascularization increases, and the uterine gland develops in response to the secretion of progesterone from the corpus luteum.

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Students have asked these similar questions
All of the following are characteristics of the uterine endometrium presented in the slide in the normal menstrual cycle EXCEPT a. Surface epithelium contains ciliated cells and secretory cells b. Glands are straight and contain many mitotic figures c. The tissue is under the influence of progesterone d. Lumens of glands contain secretions e. Basalis and functionalis layers are present
Provides support and nourishment for the spermatids         A. Labia majora   B. Clitoris   C. Sertoli   D. Vulva   E. Greater vestibular glands
The cells that are located between seminiferous tubules which produce testosterone are: A.Myometrial B.Follicle C.Sustentacular D.Thalamic E.Interstitial
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