Essentials of Geology (Fifth Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780393263398
Author: Stephen Marshak
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Question
Chapter 16, Problem 1RQ
To determine
The difference between porosity and permeability and the examples of substances with high porosity and low permeability.
Expert Solution & Answer
Answer to Problem 1RQ
Porosity depends only in the presence of pores whereas permeability depends upon the interconnections between the pores. Both are expressed in terms of percentages. Some examples of the substances with high porosity and low permeability are mud-stones, shale etc. The substances with high porosity and low permeability are known as aquitards.
Explanation of Solution
Any open space present within the rock sediment or a given volume of rock is known as porosity. The porosity is expressed as a percentage. When the pore spaces are present within a rock during its formation, it is known as primary porosity. The pores spaces here are developed because grains do not grow to fill all the spaces during crystallization or open spaces are not completely filled with cement. When the new pore spaced is produced after the formation of a rock due to fracturing or chemical effect of some fluids passing through the cementing material, it is known as secondary porosity.
When a pore filled with water is surrounded by the solid rock mass, the water cannot flow out. The movement of water from pore to pore is possible only with the interconnections or conduits between them. For the ground water to flow, the conduits must present between the pores. The permeability of a material depends on many factors such as number of available conduits, size of the conduits and straightness of the conduits.
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Students have asked these similar questions
44) In periglacial environments, the layer of ground that thaws every summer and freezes every winter is called
A) frost layer
B) permafrost
C) active layer
D) discontinuous permafrost
Use the attached piezometer map to make your own, clean version of the map, and indicate the elevation of the water table at all piezometer locations.
Draw equipotential lines (lines of equal water table elevation) using regular intervals – creating a contoured map of the water table.
Determine the direction of groundwater flow based on the horizontal gradient. Label the areas of recharge and discharge directly on your map.
Flow lines: Draw flow lines on your water table map. The lines should be at right angles to the equipotential lines and extend from the recharge area to the discharge area.
Hydraulic Gradient, Specific Discharge (Darcy Flux), Average Linear Velocity:
Using your water table map, estimate an average hydraulic gradient between two locations, call them locations A and B, one at the eastern-most and a second at the western-most extent of your dataset (note the north arrow on the map).
Calculate the specific discharge, q, between the two locations. For this calculation…
Calculate all the values of table 1:
Q in (L/day)
Q out (L/day)
Residence time (days)
Please show all steps
Chapter 16 Solutions
Essentials of Geology (Fifth Edition)
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