Chapter 16, Problem 16.87P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for water does not appear in the rate law has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Reaction: Substances which are mutually involved each other in a chemical process and changed into different substances.

Mechanism of a reaction: The representation of step by step process involved in the chemical process is said to be mechanism of a chemical reaction.

Elementary step: The first step in a reaction mechanism is said to be elementary step.

Intermediate: Sometimes, in between the reaction some separable amount and useful amount of substances are formed during the reaction and which are said to be intermediates

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The rate laws for elementary steps have to be written.

Concept introduction:

Rate law or rate equation: The relationship between the reactant concentrations and reaction rate is expressed by an equation.

$\begin{array}{l}\text{aA + bB}\to x\text{X}\\ \\ {\text{Rate of reaction = k [A]}}^{\text{m}}{\text{[B]}}^{\text{n}}\\ \\ \text{Total}\text{order}\text{of reaction = }\left(\text{m + n}\right).\end{array}$

$\text{Reaction Rate}\text{ = k }{\left[\text{A}\right]}^{\text{m}}{\left[\text{B}\right]}^{\text{n}}{\left[\text{C}\right]}^{\text{p}}\text{,where 'm, n and p' are orders of the reactants}\text{.}$

Order of a reaction: The order of a reaction with respect to a particular reactant is the exponent of its concentration term in the rate law expression, and the overall reaction order is the sum of the exponents on all concentration terms.

Rate constant, k: It is a proportionality constant that relates rate and concentration at a given temperature.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reaction intermediates that appear in the given mechanism have to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Reaction: Substances which are mutually involved each other in a chemical process and changed into different substances.

Mechanism of a reaction: The representation of step by step process involved in the chemical process is said to be mechanism of a chemical reaction.

Elementary step: The first step in a reaction mechanism is said to be elementary step.

Intermediate: Sometimes, in between the reaction some separable amount and useful amount of substances are formed during the reaction and which are said to be intermediates

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given mechanism whether consistent with the experimental rate law has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Reaction: Substances which are mutually involved each other in a chemical process and changed into different substances.

Mechanism of a reaction: The representation of step by step process involved in the chemical process is said to be mechanism of a chemical reaction.

Elementary step: The first step in a reaction mechanism is said to be elementary step.

Intermediate: Sometimes, in between the reaction some separable amount and useful amount of substances are formed during the reaction and which are said to be intermediates