Chapter 16, Problem 16.38QP

(1)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given figures, the various state of acid-base titration has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

• Titration is used to find out the strength of an unknown solution from a concentration of known solution.  A standard solution, whose concentration is known, is dropped slowly to an unknown solution and wait for the chemical reaction finish.
• The point at which amount of standard solution and analyte becomes equal and neutralisation happens in titration is called equivalence point.
• The end point is defined as occurrence of colour change at particular point in titration.
• $\text{pH}$ is the logarithm of the reciprocal of the concentration  of ${\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{\text{+}}$  in a solution.
• $\text{pH}$ is used to determine the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.

To identify: the solution contains only base (B).

(2)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given figures, the various state of acid-base titration has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

• Titration is used to find out the strength of an unknown solution from a concentration of known solution.  A standard solution, whose concentration is known, is dropped slowly to an unknown solution and wait for the chemical reaction finish.
• The point at which amount of standard solution and analyte becomes equal and neutralisation happens in titration is called equivalence point.
• The end point is defined as occurrence of colour change at particular point in titration.
• $\text{pH}$ is the logarithm of the reciprocal of the concentration  of ${\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{\text{+}}$  in a solution.
• $\text{pH}$ is used to determine the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.

To identify: the solution with near to equivalence point

(3)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given figures, the various state of acid-base titration has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

• Titration is used to find out the strength of an unknown solution from a concentration of known solution.  A standard solution, whose concentration is known, is dropped slowly to an unknown solution and wait for the chemical reaction finish.
• The point at which amount of standard solution and analyte becomes equal and neutralisation happens in titration is called equivalence point.
• The end point is defined as occurrence of colour change at particular point in titration.
• $\text{pH}$ is the logarithm of the reciprocal of the concentration  of ${\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{\text{+}}$  in a solution.
• $\text{pH}$ is used to determine the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.

To identify: the solution at equivalence point

(4)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given figures, the various state of acid-base titration has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

• Titration is used to find out the strength of an unknown solution from a concentration of known solution.  A standard solution, whose concentration is known, is dropped slowly to an unknown solution and wait for the chemical reaction finish.
• The point at which amount of standard solution and analyte becomes equal and neutralisation happens in titration is called equivalence point.
• The end point is defined as occurrence of colour change at particular point in titration.
• $\text{pH}$ is the logarithm of the reciprocal of the concentration  of ${\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{\text{+}}$  in a solution.
• $\text{pH}$ is used to determine the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.

To identify: the solution far from equivalence point

(5)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given figures, the various state of acid-base titration has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

• Titration is used to find out the strength of an unknown solution from a concentration of known solution.  A standard solution, whose concentration is known, is dropped slowly to an unknown solution and wait for the chemical reaction finish.
• The point at which amount of standard solution and analyte becomes equal and neutralisation happens in titration is called equivalence point.
• The end point is defined as occurrence of colour change at particular point in titration.
• $\text{pH}$ is the logarithm of the reciprocal of the concentration  of ${\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{\text{+}}$  in a solution.
• $\text{pH}$ is used to determine the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.

To identify: the $\text{pH}$ at equivalence point