
(a)
Interpretation:
Average oxidation numbers of Bismuth and Copper in the superconductor and the oxygen stoichiometry coefficient has to be found.
Concept introduction:
Oxidation number: Oxidation number is defined as degree of oxidation (ie. loss of an electrons) of an atom within the chemical compound.
There is slightly difference between oxidation state and oxidation number. In oxidation state, there is electronegativity of an atom in a bond should be considered. However, when describing oxidation number, electronegativity does not considered.
(a)

Answer to Problem 16.37P
Average oxidation number of Bi and copper are found to be
Explanation of Solution
To calculate: Average oxidation number of Bi and copper
Experiment A:
Amount of initial copper ion is
Experiment B:
Amount of initial
Normalizing to one gram of super conductor =
Experiment A:
Experiment B:
It is easier not to get missing the arithmetic if that oxidized Bismuth is
So, rewrite these previous equation as
Equation (2) has to be subtracted from equation (1), we get
Equation (2) and (3) shows that the relationship in the formula of the superconductor is
One gram of superconductor contains
Substituting
Average oxidation number of Bi is
(b)
Interpretation:
The uncertainties in the oxidation number and x when the quantities in Experiment A are
(b)

Explanation of Solution
To found: The uncertainties in the oxidation number and x when given quantities in experiment A and experiment B
Experiment A: Consumption of
Experiment B: Consumption of
Normalising to one gram of superconductor gives,
Experiment A:
Experiment B:
The relative uncertainty in b given as
The average oxidation number of Bi is given as
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Chapter 16 Solutions
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