Chapter 16, Problem 16.17EX

a.

To determine

Statement of cash flows: It is one of the financial statement that shows the cash and cash equivalents of a company for a particular period. It determines the net changes in cash through reporting the sources and uses of cash due to the operating, investing, and financing activities of a company.

Indirect method: Under this method, the following amounts are to be adjusted from the Net Income to calculate the net cash provided from operating activities.

Cash flows from operating activities: These are the cash produced by the normal business operations.

The below table shows the way of calculation of cash flows from operating activities:

Cash flows from operating activities (Indirect method)

Add: Decrease in current assets

Increase in current liability

Depreciation expense and amortization expense

Loss on sale of plant assets

Deduct: Increase in current assets

Decrease in current liabilities

Gain on sale of plant assets

Net cash provided from or used by operating activities

Table (1)

Cash flows from investing activities: Cash provided by or used in investing activities is a section of statement of cash flows. It includes the purchase or sale of equipment or land, or marketable securities, which is used for business operations.

The below table shows the way of calculation of cash flows from investing activities:

Cash flows from investing activities

Add: Proceeds from sale of fixed assets

Sale of marketable securities / investments

Interest received

Dividend received

Deduct: Purchase of fixed assets/long-lived assets

Purchase of marketable securities

Net cash provided from or used by investing activities

Table (2)

Cash flows from financing activities: Cash provided by or used in financing activities is a section of statement of cash flows. It includes raising cash from long-term debt or payment of long-term debt, which is used for business operations.

The below table shows the way of calculation of cash flows from financing activities:

Cash flows from financing activities

Add: Issuance of common stock

Proceeds from borrowings

Proceeds from issuance of debt

Issuance of bonds payable

Deduct: Payment of dividend

Repayment of debt

Interest paid

Redemption of debt

Repurchase of stock

Net cash provided from or used by financing activities

Table (3)

To Prepare: A statement of cash flows under indirect method.

Answer to Problem 16.17EX

P Industries
Statement of Cash Flows - Indirect Method
Details	Amount ($)	Amount ($)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income		325
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flow from operating activities:
Depreciation expense	30
Gain on sale of land	(75)
Changes in current operating assets and liabilities:
Increase in accounts receivable	(80)
Increase in inventory	(65)
Increase in accounts payable	15	(175)
Net cash provided by operating activities		$150
Cash flows from investing activities:
Cash from sale of land	125
Cash used for purchase of equipment	(50)
Net cash provided by investing activities		$75
Cash flows from financing activities:
Cash from sale of common stock	175
Cash used for dividends	(70)
Net cash provided by financing activities		$105
Increase (decrease) in cash		$330
Cash at the beginning of the year		160
Cash at the end of the year		$490

Table (4)

Explanation of Solution

Working note:

Prepare the schedule in the changes of current assets and liabilities.

Schedule in the Change of Current Assets and Liabilities
Details	Amount ($)			Effect on Operating Activities
	Beginning Balance	Ending Balance	Increase/ (Decrease)
Accounts receivable	200	280	80	Deduct
Inventories	110	175	65	Deduct
Accounts payable	160	175	15	Add

Table (3)

Calculate the amount of depreciation expense:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Amount of depreciation expense =}\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{ Ending balance -}\\ \text{ Beginning balance}\end{array}\right)\\ =\left(\$60-\$30\right)\\ =\$30\end{array}$

Calculate the amount gain on sale of land:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Amount gain on sale of land}\text{= }\left[\begin{array}{l}\text{Book value of land}\\ \left(\begin{array}{l}\text{ Beginning balance }\\ \text{- Ending balance }\end{array}\right)\\ -\text{Sale value}\end{array}\right]\\ =\left(\begin{array}{l}\$50\left(\$450-\$400\right)\\ -\$125\end{array}\right)\\ =\$75\end{array}$

Calculate the amount of cash used to purchase of equipment:

$\begin{array}{c}\begin{array}{l}\text{Amount of cash used to }\\ \text{purchase of equipment }\end{array}\}\text{=}\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{ Ending balance -}\\ \text{ Beginning balance}\end{array}\right)\\ =\left(\$225-\$175\right)\\ =\$50\end{array}$

Calculate the amount of cash from common stock:

$\begin{array}{c}\begin{array}{l}\text{Amount of cash from}\\ \text{common stock}\end{array}\}\text{=}\left[\begin{array}{l}\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{ Ending balance -}\\ \text{ Beginning balance}\end{array}\right)+\\ \left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Paid in capital Ending balance }\\ \text{- Beginning balance}\end{array}\right)\end{array}\right]\\ =\left[\begin{array}{l}\left(\$50-\$100\right)\\ +\left(\$125-\$250\right)\end{array}\right]\\ =\$50+125\\ =\$175\end{array}$

Calculate the amount of dividends:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Amount of dividends =}\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{ Cash dividends declared}\\ -\text{Divdends payable }\end{array}\right)\\ =\left(\$100-\$30\right)\\ =\$70\end{array}$

Conclusion

Therefore, the ending cash balance is $490.

b.

To determine

To Explain: The cash flow from operations more or less than net income.

Explanation of Solution

• Depreciation expense amount of $30 does not show any effect on cash flow from operating activities.
• The gain on sale of land of $75 will be reported as the proceeds from sale in the investing activities section of the statement of cash flows.

• Moreover, the changes in current operating assets and liabilities are added or deducted based on the effect of below cash flows:

Increase in accounts receivable $80(Deducted).

Increase in inventories $65 (Deducted).

Increase in accounts payable $15 (Added)