Problem 16.1P: Write a balanced equation for the dissociation of the Bronsted-Lowry acid, HSO4- , in water. Problem 16.2A: Write the reaction between the carbonate ion (CO32) and water. Problem 16.3P: Conceptual PRACTICE 15.3 For the following reaction in aqueous solution, identify the Brønsted-Lowry... Problem 16.4A: Conceptual APPLY 15.4 For the following reactions in aqueous solution, identify the Brønsted—Lowry... Problem 16.5P: If you mix equal concentrations of reactants and products, will the reaction proceed to the right or... Problem 16.6A: Conceptual APPLY 15.6 The following pictures represent aqueous solutions of two acids HA (A = X or... Problem 16.7P: Which pair has the stronger acid listed first? H2S and H2Se HNO2 and HNO3 H2Te and HI H2SO3 and... Problem 16.8A: Which acid is stronger, H3PO4orH3AsO4? Problem 16.9P: PRACTICE 15.9 The concentration of H3O+ ions in the runoff from a coal mine is 1.4 10-4 M.... Problem 16.10P Problem 16.11P: Calculate the pH of a sample of seawater that has an OH- concentration of 1.5810-6M . Problem 16.12A: During mining operations, the mineral pyrite (FeS2) is exposed to air and oxygen and reacts to... Problem 16.13P: Calculate the concentrations of H3O+ and OH- in a cola beverage (pH2.80). Problem 16.14P Problem 16.15P: Calculate the pH of the following solutions: (a) 0.050MHClO4(b) 0.010MBa(OH)2 Problem 16.16A: Calculate the pH of a solution prepared by dissolving 0.25 g of CaO in enough water to make 1.50 L... Problem 16.17A Problem 16.18A: The following pictures represent aqueous solutions of three acids HA(A=X,YorZ); water molecules have... Problem 16.19P: Acetic acid, CH3CO2H, is the solute that gives vinegar its characteristic odor and sour taste.... Problem 16.20A: Wha concentration of formic acid will result in a solution with pH=2.00? Refer to Table 16.2 to find... Problem 16.21P: Calculate the pH and the concentration of all species present in 0.10M ascorbic acid (H2C6H6O6)... Problem 16.22A: Carbonated drinks are prepared by dissolving CO2 under high pressure. CO2 reacts with water to... Problem 16.23P: Calculate the pH and the concentrations of all species present in 0.40 M NH3(Kb=1.8105) Problem 16.24A: Lactated Ringers solution is given intravenously to replenish fluids in patients who have... Problem 16.25P Problem 16.26A: The following pictures represent aqueous solutions of three acids HA(A=X,Y,orZ); water molecules... Problem 16.27P: Predict whether a solution of 0.20 M NaNO2 is neutral, acidic, or basic, and calculate the pH.... Problem 16.28A: Calculate the pH and percent dissociation of Zn(H2O)62+ prepared from a 0.40 M ZnCl2 solution. Ka... Problem 16.29P Problem 16.30A: For the following Lewis acid— base reaction, draw electron-dot structures for the reactants and... Problem 16.31P: What are the chemical formulas and names of the two acids that are the largest contributors to acid... Problem 16.32P: What were the average pH ranges for rainfall in the eastern United States in 1985 and 2016? Refer to... Problem 16.33P Problem 16.34P: (a) Natural or “unpolluted” rain has a pH of 5.6. By what fact or has the concentration of H3O+... Problem 16.35P Problem 16.36P Problem 16.37P: Because sulfur and nitrogen oxides are the main causes of acid rain, elevated levels of NO3- and... Problem 16.38CP Problem 16.39CP: The following pictures represent aqueous solutions of three acids HA(A=X,Y,orZ); water molecules... Problem 16.40CP: Locate sulfur, selenium, chlorine, and bromine in the perioodic table: Which binary acid... Problem 16.41CP Problem 16.42CP Problem 16.43CP: The followign pictures represent solutions of three salts NaA(A-=X-,Y-,orZ-) ; water molecules and... Problem 16.44CP Problem 16.45CP: Look at the electron-dot structures of the following molecules and ions: (a) Which of these... Problem 16.46CP: Boric acid (H3BO3) is a weak monoprotic acid that yields H3O+ ions in water H3BO3 might behave... Problem 16.47CP Problem 16.48SP Problem 16.49SP: Which of the following can behave both as a Bronsted-Lowry acid and as a Bronsted-Lowry base? (a)... Problem 16.50SP: Give the formula for the conjugate base of each of the following Bronsted-Lowry acids. HSO4 H2SO3... Problem 16.51SP: Give the formula for the conjugate acid of each of the following Bronsted-Lowry bases. SO32 H2O... Problem 16.52SP: For each of the following reactions, identify the Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases and the conjugate... Problem 16.53SP: For each of the following reactions, identify the Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases and the conjugate... Problem 16.54SP: Aqueous solutions of hydrogen sulfide contain H2S,HS-,S2-,H3O+ , OH-, and H2O- in varying... Problem 16.55SP Problem 16.56SP: Choose from the conjugate acid-base pairs HSO4-/SO4 , HF/F-, and HF/F-,NH4+/NH3 to complete the... Problem 16.57SP Problem 16.58SP Problem 16.59SP Problem 16.60SP: Arrange each group of compounds in order of increasing acid strength. Explain your reasoning.... Problem 16.61SP: Arrange each group of compounds in order of increasing acid strength. Explain your reasoning.... Problem 16.62SP Problem 16.63SP: Identify the weakest acid in each of the following sets. Explain your reasoning. H2SO3,HClO3,HClO4... Problem 16.64SP Problem 16.65SP: Identify the stronger base in each of the following pairs. Explain your reasoning. ClO2-orClO3... Problem 16.66SP Problem 16.67SP Problem 16.68SP: The concentration of OH- in a sample of seawater is 2.0106M. Calculate the concentration of H3O+... Problem 16.69SP: The concentration of OH- in human blood is 2.24107M. Calculate the concentration of H3O+ ions, and... Problem 16.70SP: For each of the following solutions, calculate [OH-] from [H3O+]or[H3O+]from[OH-]. Classify each... Problem 16.71SP: For each of the following solutions, calculate [OH-] from [H3O+]or[H3O+]from[OH-]. Classify each... Problem 16.72SP: Water superheated under pressure to 200oC and 750 atm has Kw=1.51011 . What is [OH] at 200 oC? Is... Problem 16.73SP: Water at 500oC and 250 atm is a supercritical fluid. Under these conditions, Kw is approximately... Problem 16.74SP: Calculate the pH to the correct number of significant figures for solutions with the following... Problem 16.75SP: Calculate the pH to the correct number of significant figures for solutions with the following... Problem 16.76SP: Calculate the H3O+ concentration to the correct number of significant figures for solutions with the... Problem 16.77SP: Calculate the H3O+ concentration to the correct number of significant figures for solutions with the... Problem 16.78SP Problem 16.79SP: Which of the indicators given in Figure 16.5, methyl violet, bromcresol green, phenol red, or... Problem 16.80SP: Which of the following species behave a strong acids or as strong bases in aqueous solutions? HNO2... Problem 16.81SP: Which of the following species behave as strong acids or as strong bases in aqueous solution? H- O2... Problem 16.82SP: Calculate the pH of the following solutions: 1.010-3MSr(OH)2 0.015MHNO3 0.035MNaOH Problem 16.83SP: Calculate the pH of the following solutions: 0.48 M HCl 2.5103MBa(OH)2 0.075 M NaOH Problem 16.84SP Problem 16.85SP: Calculate the pH of solutions prepared by: RAN (a) Dissolving 0.20 g of sodium oxide in water to... Problem 16.86SP: How many grams of CaO should be dissolved in sufficient water to make 1.00 L of a solution with pH... Problem 16.87SP Problem 16.88SP: Look up the value of Ka in Appendix C for C6H5OH,HNO3,CH3CO2H and HOCl, and arrange these acids in... Problem 16.89SP: Look up the value of Ka in Appendix C for HCO2H,HCN,HClO4, and HOBr, and arrange these acids in... Problem 16.90SP: The pH of 0.040 M hypobromous acid (HOBr) is 5.05. Set up the equilibrium equation for the... Problem 16.91SP: Lactic acid (C3H6O3) , which occurs in sour milk and foods such as sauerkraut, is a weak mnonprotic... Problem 16.92SP: The pH of 0.050 M gallic acid, an acid found in tea leaves, is 2.86. Calculate Ka and pKa for gallic... Problem 16.93SP: The pH of 0.040 M pyruvic acid, an acid found in tea leaves, is 2.86. Calculate Ka and pKa for... Problem 16.94SP: A vitamin C tablet containing 250 mg of ascorbic acid (C6H8O6;Ka=8.010-5) is dissolved in a 250 mL... Problem 16.95SP: Acetic acid (CH3COOH;Ka=1.810-5) has a concentration in vinegar of 3.50 by mass. What is the pH of... Problem 16.96SP: Acrylic acid (HC3H3O2) is used in the manufacture of paints and plastics. The pKa of acrylic acid is... Problem 16.97SP: Hippuric acid (HC9H8NO3) , found in horse urine, has pKa=3.62. Calculate the pH and the... Problem 16.98SP: Calculat the pH and the percent dissociation in 1.5 M HNO2(Ka=4.5104). Problem 16.99SP: A typical aspirin tablet contains 324 mg of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, (C9H8O4) , a monoprotic... Problem 16.100SP Problem 16.101SP: Calculate the percent dissociation of HNO2(Ka=4.5104) in 0.010 M HNO2 1.00 M HNO2 Problem 16.102SP: Write balanced net ionic equations and the corresponding equilibrium equations for the stepwise... Problem 16.103SP: Write balanced net ionic equations and the corresponding equilibrium equations for the stepwise... Problem 16.104SP: Calculate the pH and the concentrations of all species present (H2CO3,HCO3,CO32,H3O+,andOH) in 0.010... Problem 16.105SP Problem 16.106SP Problem 16.107SP: Tartaric acid (C4H6O6) is a diprotic acid that plays an important role in lowering the pH of wine to... Problem 16.108SP: Like sulfuric acid, selenic acid (H2SeO4) is a diprotic acid that has a very large value of Ka1 .... Problem 16.109SP: Calculate the concentrations of H3O+ and SO42- in a solution prepared by mixing equal of 0.2 M HCl... Problem 16.110SP Problem 16.111SP Problem 16.112SP: Write a balanced net ionic equation and the corresponding equilibrium equation for the reaction of... Problem 16.113SP: Write a balanced net ionic equation and the corresponding equilibrium equation for the reaction of... Problem 16.114SP: Styrchine (C21H22N2O2) , a deadly poison used for killing rodents, is a weak base having Kb=1.8106 .... Problem 16.115SP: What is the pH of 0.5 M ammonia (NH3)?(Kb=1.8105) Problem 16.116SP: Morphine (C17H19NO3), a narcotic used in painkillers, is a weak organic base. If the pH of a 7.0104... Problem 16.117SP: A 1.00103M solution of quinine, a drug used in treating malaria, has a pH of 9.75. What are the... Problem 16.118SP: Oxycodone (C18H21NO4), a narcotic analgesic, is a week base with pKb=5.47 . Calcualte the pH and the... Problem 16.119SP: Morpholine (C4H9NO) is a weak organic base with pKb=5.68. Calculate the pH and the concentrations of... Problem 16.120SP: Using values of Kb in Appendix C, calculate values of Ka for each of the following ions.... Problem 16.121SP: Using values of Ka in Appendix C, calculate values of Kb for each of the following ions. Fluoride... Problem 16.122SP Problem 16.123SP: Sodium benzoate (C6H5CO2Na) is used as a food preservative. Calculate the pH and the concentrations... Problem 16.124SP: Write a balanced net ionic equation for the reaction of each of the following ions with water. In... Problem 16.125SP: Write a balanced net ioflk equation for the principal react ion in solutions of each of the... Problem 16.126SP: Classify each of the following ions according to whether they react with water to give a neutral,... Problem 16.127SP: Classify each of the following salt solutions as neutral, acidic, or basic. See Appendix C for... Problem 16.128SP: Calculate the concentrations of all species present and the pH in 0.10 M solutions of the following... Problem 16.129SP Problem 16.130SP: Calculate Ka for the cation Kb for the anion in an aqueous NH4CN solution. Is the solution acidic,... Problem 16.131SP: Classify each of the following salt solutions as acidic, basic, or neutral. KBr NaNO2 NH4Br ZnCl2... Problem 16.132SP Problem 16.133SP: Classify each of the following salt solutions as neutral, acidic, or basic. See Appendix C for... Problem 16.134SP: Calculate the pH and the concentrations of all species present RAN in 0.25 M solutions of each of... Problem 16.135SP: Calculate the pH and the percent dissociation of the hydrat ed cation in the following solutions.... Problem 16.136SP Problem 16.137SP Problem 16.138SP Problem 16.139SP: For each of the following reactions, identify the Lewis acid and the Lewis base. 2Cl-+BeCl2BeCl42... Problem 16.140SP Problem 16.141SP: For each of the Lewis acid—base reactions in Problem 16.139, draw electron-dot structures for the... Problem 16.142SP Problem 16.143SP Problem 16.144MP Problem 16.145MP Problem 16.146MP Problem 16.147MP Problem 16.148MP: Normal rain has a pH of 5.6 due to dissolved atmospheric carbon dioxide at a current level of 400... Problem 16.149MP: Sulfur dioxide is quite soluble in water: SO2(g)+H2O(l)H2SO3(aq)K=1.33 The H2SO3 produced is a weak... Problem 16.150MP Problem 16.151MP: Acid and base behavior can be observed in solvents other than water. One commonly used solvent is... Problem 16.152MP Problem 16.153MP: In the case of very weak acids, [H3O+] from the dissoc iation of water is significant compared with... Problem 16.154MP Problem 16.155MP Problem 16.156MP: Neutralization reactions involving either a strong acid or a strong base go essentially to... Problem 16.157MP Problem 16.158MP Problem 16.159MP: A 200.0 mL sample of 0.350 M acetic acid (CH3CO2H) was allowed to react with 2.000 L of gaseous... Problem 16.160MP format_list_bulleted
ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Principles of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage Learning
Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY