EBK 3I-EBK: WELDING PRINCIPLES & APPLIC
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780176919764
Author: Jeffus
Publisher: VST
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Chapter 16, Problem 10R
What does adding thorium oxide do for the tungsten electrode?
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2. Consider a polymeric membrane within a 6 cm diameter stirred ultrafiltration cell. The membrane is
30 μm thick. The membrane has pores equivalent in size to a spherical molecule with a molecular weight
of 100,000, a porosity of 80%, and a tortuosity of 2.5. On the feed side of the membrane, we have a
solution containing a protein at a concentration of 8 g L-1 with these properties: a = 3 nm and DAB = 6.0 ×
10-7 cm² s¹. The solution viscosity is 1 cP. The hydrodynamic pressure on the protein side of the
membrane is 20 pounds per square inch (psi) higher than on the filtrate side of the membrane. Assume
that the hydrodynamic pressure difference is much larger than the osmotic pressure difference
(advection >> diffusion). Determine the convective flow rate of the solution across the membrane.
1. Calculate the filtration flow rate (cm³ s¹) of a pure fluid across a 100 cm² membrane. Assume the
viscosity (µ) of the fluid is 1.8 cP. The porosity of the membrane is 40% and the thickness of the
membrane is 500 μm. The pores run straight through the membrane and these pores have a radius of
0.225 μm. The pressure drop applied across the membrane is 75 psi. (Note: 1 cP = 0.001 N s m²² = 0.001
Pa s.)
3. Tong and Anderson (1996) obtained for BSA the following data in a polyacrylamide gel for the
partition coefficient (K) as a function of the gel volume fraction (4). The BSA they used had a molecular
weight of 67,000, a molecular radius of 3.6 nm, and a diffusivity of 6 × 10-7 cm2 s-1. Compare the
Ogston equation
K=exp
+
to their data and obtain an estimate for the radius of the cylindrical fibers (af) that comprise the gel.
Hint: You will need to plot Ink as a function of gel volume fraction as part of your analysis. Please include
your MATLAB, or other, code with your solution.
Gel Volume Fraction (4)
KBSA
0.00
1.0
0.025
0.35
0.05
0.09
0.06
0.05
0.075
0.017
0.085
0.02
0.105
0.03
Chapter 16 Solutions
EBK 3I-EBK: WELDING PRINCIPLES & APPLIC
Ch. 16 - What early advancements made the GTA welding...Ch. 16 - What metals were weldable only by the GTAW process...Ch. 16 - Which two of tungsten's properties make it the...Ch. 16 - Why must the tip of the tungsten be hot?Ch. 16 - Prob. 5RCh. 16 - What functions regarding tungsten heat do the...Ch. 16 - What problem can an excessively large tungsten...Ch. 16 - What holds the molten ball of tungsten in place at...Ch. 16 - Using Table 15-1, answer the following: a. What...Ch. 16 - What does adding thorium oxide do for the tungsten...
Ch. 16 - How can the end of a tungsten electrode be shaped?Ch. 16 - Why should a grinding stone that is used for...Ch. 16 - Why should the grinding marks run lengthwise on...Ch. 16 - What are three ways of breaking off the...Ch. 16 - What is the correct color to use on the balled end...Ch. 16 - Why should the torch be as cool as possible?Ch. 16 - What will happen to a water-cooled torch cable if...Ch. 16 - Why must shielding gas hoses not be made from...Ch. 16 - What materials can be used to make nozzles?Ch. 16 - What problem can a long nozzle cause to the...Ch. 16 - Why must the tube of a flow meter be vertical?Ch. 16 - What is the heat distribution with DCEN welding...Ch. 16 - What is the heat distribution with DCEP welding...Ch. 16 - What is the heat distribution with AC welding...Ch. 16 - Why must AC welding power use high frequencies to...Ch. 16 - Why are argon and helium known as inert gases?Ch. 16 - Why is argon's ease of ionization a benefit?Ch. 16 - What makes helium difficult to use for manual...Ch. 16 - What are the benefits of adding hydrogen to argon...Ch. 16 - What is the purpose of a hot start?Ch. 16 - Using Table 16-3, determine the gas post flow time...Ch. 16 - What functions can a remote control provide the...Ch. 16 - Using Table 16-4, determine the minimum gas flow...
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