For a given molecule the number of signals expected in 1 H NMR spectrum to be identified. Concept Introduction : Homotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through rotational symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as homotopic. Enantiotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through reflectional symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as Enantiotopic. Diastereotopic: If the protons are not interchangeable through either of the symmetry operations, then the protons are Diastereotopic; the protons are not chemically equivalent if a chiral center present in the molecule.

Question

The acid-base chemistry of both EDTA and EBT are important to ensuring that the reactions proceed as desired, thus the pH is controlled using a buffer. What percent of the EBT indicator will be in the desired HIn2- state at pH = 10.5. pKa1 = 6.2 and pKa2 = 11.6 of EBT

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 15.4, Problem 2PTS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a given molecule the number of signals expected in 1H NMR spectrum to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Homotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through rotational symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as homotopic.

Enantiotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through reflectional symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as Enantiotopic.

Diastereotopic: If the protons are not interchangeable through either of the symmetry operations, then the protons are Diastereotopic; the protons are not chemically equivalent if a chiral center present in the molecule.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a given molecule the number of signals expected in 1H NMR spectrum to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Homotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through rotational symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as homotopic.

Enantiotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through reflectional symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as Enantiotopic.

Diastereotopic: If the protons are not interchangeable through either of the symmetry operations, then the protons are Diastereotopic; the protons are not chemically equivalent if a chiral center present in the molecule.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a given molecule the number of signals expected in 1H NMR spectrum to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Homotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through rotational symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as homotopic.

Enantiotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through reflectional symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as Enantiotopic.

Diastereotopic: If the protons are not interchangeable through either of the symmetry operations, then the protons are Diastereotopic; the protons are not chemically equivalent if a chiral center present in the molecule.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a given molecule the number of signals expected in 1H NMR spectrum to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Homotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through rotational symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as homotopic.

Enantiotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through reflectional symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as Enantiotopic.

Diastereotopic: If the protons are not interchangeable through either of the symmetry operations, then the protons are Diastereotopic; the protons are not chemically equivalent if a chiral center present in the molecule.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a given molecule the number of signals expected in 1H NMR spectrum to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Homotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through rotational symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as homotopic.

Enantiotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through reflectional symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as Enantiotopic.

Diastereotopic: If the protons are not interchangeable through either of the symmetry operations, then the protons are Diastereotopic; the protons are not chemically equivalent if a chiral center present in the molecule.

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The acid-base chemistry of both EDTA and EBT are important to ensuring that the reactions proceed as desired, thus the pH is controlled using a buffer. What percent of the EBT indicator will be in the desired HIn2- state at pH = 10.5. pKa1 = 6.2 and pKa2 = 11.6 of EBT

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 15.4, Problem 2PTS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a given molecule the number of signals expected in 1H NMR spectrum to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Homotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through rotational symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as homotopic.

Enantiotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through reflectional symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as Enantiotopic.

Diastereotopic: If the protons are not interchangeable through either of the symmetry operations, then the protons are Diastereotopic; the protons are not chemically equivalent if a chiral center present in the molecule.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a given molecule the number of signals expected in 1H NMR spectrum to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Homotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through rotational symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as homotopic.

Enantiotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through reflectional symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as Enantiotopic.

Diastereotopic: If the protons are not interchangeable through either of the symmetry operations, then the protons are Diastereotopic; the protons are not chemically equivalent if a chiral center present in the molecule.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a given molecule the number of signals expected in 1H NMR spectrum to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Homotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through rotational symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as homotopic.

Enantiotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through reflectional symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as Enantiotopic.

Diastereotopic: If the protons are not interchangeable through either of the symmetry operations, then the protons are Diastereotopic; the protons are not chemically equivalent if a chiral center present in the molecule.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a given molecule the number of signals expected in 1H NMR spectrum to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Homotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through rotational symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as homotopic.

Enantiotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through reflectional symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as Enantiotopic.

Diastereotopic: If the protons are not interchangeable through either of the symmetry operations, then the protons are Diastereotopic; the protons are not chemically equivalent if a chiral center present in the molecule.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a given molecule the number of signals expected in 1H NMR spectrum to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Homotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through rotational symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as homotopic.

Enantiotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through reflectional symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as Enantiotopic.

Diastereotopic: If the protons are not interchangeable through either of the symmetry operations, then the protons are Diastereotopic; the protons are not chemically equivalent if a chiral center present in the molecule.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 15.4, Problem 2PTS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a given molecule the number of signals expected in 1H NMR spectrum to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Homotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through rotational symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as homotopic.

Enantiotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through reflectional symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as Enantiotopic.

Diastereotopic: If the protons are not interchangeable through either of the symmetry operations, then the protons are Diastereotopic; the protons are not chemically equivalent if a chiral center present in the molecule.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a given molecule the number of signals expected in 1H NMR spectrum to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Homotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through rotational symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as homotopic.

Enantiotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through reflectional symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as Enantiotopic.

Diastereotopic: If the protons are not interchangeable through either of the symmetry operations, then the protons are Diastereotopic; the protons are not chemically equivalent if a chiral center present in the molecule.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a given molecule the number of signals expected in 1H NMR spectrum to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Homotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through rotational symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as homotopic.

Enantiotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through reflectional symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as Enantiotopic.

Diastereotopic: If the protons are not interchangeable through either of the symmetry operations, then the protons are Diastereotopic; the protons are not chemically equivalent if a chiral center present in the molecule.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a given molecule the number of signals expected in 1H NMR spectrum to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Homotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through rotational symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as homotopic.

Enantiotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through reflectional symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as Enantiotopic.

Diastereotopic: If the protons are not interchangeable through either of the symmetry operations, then the protons are Diastereotopic; the protons are not chemically equivalent if a chiral center present in the molecule.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a given molecule the number of signals expected in 1H NMR spectrum to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Homotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through rotational symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as homotopic.

Enantiotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through reflectional symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as Enantiotopic.

Diastereotopic: If the protons are not interchangeable through either of the symmetry operations, then the protons are Diastereotopic; the protons are not chemically equivalent if a chiral center present in the molecule.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 15.4, Problem 2PTS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a given molecule the number of signals expected in 1H NMR spectrum to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Homotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through rotational symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as homotopic.

Enantiotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through reflectional symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as Enantiotopic.

Diastereotopic: If the protons are not interchangeable through either of the symmetry operations, then the protons are Diastereotopic; the protons are not chemically equivalent if a chiral center present in the molecule.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a given molecule the number of signals expected in 1H NMR spectrum to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Homotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through rotational symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as homotopic.

Enantiotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through reflectional symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as Enantiotopic.

Diastereotopic: If the protons are not interchangeable through either of the symmetry operations, then the protons are Diastereotopic; the protons are not chemically equivalent if a chiral center present in the molecule.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a given molecule the number of signals expected in 1H NMR spectrum to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Homotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through rotational symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as homotopic.

Enantiotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through reflectional symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as Enantiotopic.

Diastereotopic: If the protons are not interchangeable through either of the symmetry operations, then the protons are Diastereotopic; the protons are not chemically equivalent if a chiral center present in the molecule.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a given molecule the number of signals expected in 1H NMR spectrum to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Homotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through rotational symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as homotopic.

Enantiotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through reflectional symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as Enantiotopic.

Diastereotopic: If the protons are not interchangeable through either of the symmetry operations, then the protons are Diastereotopic; the protons are not chemically equivalent if a chiral center present in the molecule.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a given molecule the number of signals expected in 1H NMR spectrum to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Homotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through rotational symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as homotopic.

Enantiotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through reflectional symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as Enantiotopic.

Diastereotopic: If the protons are not interchangeable through either of the symmetry operations, then the protons are Diastereotopic; the protons are not chemically equivalent if a chiral center present in the molecule.

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Answer 5

Chapter 15.4, Problem 2PTS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a given molecule the number of signals expected in 1H NMR spectrum to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Homotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through rotational symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as homotopic.

Enantiotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through reflectional symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as Enantiotopic.

Diastereotopic: If the protons are not interchangeable through either of the symmetry operations, then the protons are Diastereotopic; the protons are not chemically equivalent if a chiral center present in the molecule.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a given molecule the number of signals expected in 1H NMR spectrum to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Homotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through rotational symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as homotopic.

Enantiotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through reflectional symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as Enantiotopic.

Diastereotopic: If the protons are not interchangeable through either of the symmetry operations, then the protons are Diastereotopic; the protons are not chemically equivalent if a chiral center present in the molecule.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a given molecule the number of signals expected in 1H NMR spectrum to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Homotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through rotational symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as homotopic.

Enantiotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through reflectional symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as Enantiotopic.

Diastereotopic: If the protons are not interchangeable through either of the symmetry operations, then the protons are Diastereotopic; the protons are not chemically equivalent if a chiral center present in the molecule.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a given molecule the number of signals expected in 1H NMR spectrum to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Homotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through rotational symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as homotopic.

Enantiotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through reflectional symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as Enantiotopic.

Diastereotopic: If the protons are not interchangeable through either of the symmetry operations, then the protons are Diastereotopic; the protons are not chemically equivalent if a chiral center present in the molecule.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a given molecule the number of signals expected in 1H NMR spectrum to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Homotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through rotational symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as homotopic.

Enantiotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through reflectional symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as Enantiotopic.

Diastereotopic: If the protons are not interchangeable through either of the symmetry operations, then the protons are Diastereotopic; the protons are not chemically equivalent if a chiral center present in the molecule.

Answer 6

Chapter 15.4, Problem 2PTS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a given molecule the number of signals expected in 1H NMR spectrum to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Homotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through rotational symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as homotopic.

Enantiotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through reflectional symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as Enantiotopic.

Diastereotopic: If the protons are not interchangeable through either of the symmetry operations, then the protons are Diastereotopic; the protons are not chemically equivalent if a chiral center present in the molecule.

Answer 7

Chapter 15.4, Problem 2PTS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a given molecule the number of signals expected in 1H NMR spectrum to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Homotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through rotational symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as homotopic.

Enantiotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through reflectional symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as Enantiotopic.

Diastereotopic: If the protons are not interchangeable through either of the symmetry operations, then the protons are Diastereotopic; the protons are not chemically equivalent if a chiral center present in the molecule.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a given molecule the number of signals expected in 1H NMR spectrum to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Homotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through rotational symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as homotopic.

Enantiotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through reflectional symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as Enantiotopic.

Diastereotopic: If the protons are not interchangeable through either of the symmetry operations, then the protons are Diastereotopic; the protons are not chemically equivalent if a chiral center present in the molecule.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a given molecule the number of signals expected in 1H NMR spectrum to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Homotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through rotational symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as homotopic.

Enantiotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through reflectional symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as Enantiotopic.

Diastereotopic: If the protons are not interchangeable through either of the symmetry operations, then the protons are Diastereotopic; the protons are not chemically equivalent if a chiral center present in the molecule.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a given molecule the number of signals expected in 1H NMR spectrum to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Homotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through rotational symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as homotopic.

Enantiotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through reflectional symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as Enantiotopic.

Diastereotopic: If the protons are not interchangeable through either of the symmetry operations, then the protons are Diastereotopic; the protons are not chemically equivalent if a chiral center present in the molecule.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a given molecule the number of signals expected in 1H NMR spectrum to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Homotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through rotational symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as homotopic.

Enantiotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through reflectional symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as Enantiotopic.

Diastereotopic: If the protons are not interchangeable through either of the symmetry operations, then the protons are Diastereotopic; the protons are not chemically equivalent if a chiral center present in the molecule.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a given molecule the number of signals expected in 1H NMR spectrum to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Homotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through rotational symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as homotopic.

Enantiotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through reflectional symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as Enantiotopic.

Diastereotopic: If the protons are not interchangeable through either of the symmetry operations, then the protons are Diastereotopic; the protons are not chemically equivalent if a chiral center present in the molecule.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a given molecule the number of signals expected in 1H NMR spectrum to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Homotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through rotational symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as homotopic.

Enantiotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through reflectional symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as Enantiotopic.

Diastereotopic: If the protons are not interchangeable through either of the symmetry operations, then the protons are Diastereotopic; the protons are not chemically equivalent if a chiral center present in the molecule.

Answer 14

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a given molecule the number of signals expected in 1H NMR spectrum to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Homotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through rotational symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as homotopic.

Enantiotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through reflectional symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as Enantiotopic.

Diastereotopic: If the protons are not interchangeable through either of the symmetry operations, then the protons are Diastereotopic; the protons are not chemically equivalent if a chiral center present in the molecule.

Answer 15

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For a given molecule the number of signals expected in 1H NMR spectrum to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Homotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through rotational symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as homotopic.

Enantiotopic: If the protons are interchangeable through reflectional symmetry, then the protons are chemically equivalent and termed as Enantiotopic.

Diastereotopic: If the protons are not interchangeable through either of the symmetry operations, then the protons are Diastereotopic; the protons are not chemically equivalent if a chiral center present in the molecule.

Answer 16

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Ch. 15.4 - Prob. 1LTS Ch. 15.4 - Prob. 1PTS Ch. 15.4 - Prob. 2PTS Ch. 15.4 - Prob. 3PTS Ch. 15.4 - Prob. 4ATS Ch. 15.4 - Prob. 2LTS Ch. 15.4 - Prob. 5PTS Ch. 15.4 - Prob. 6PTS Ch. 15.4 - Carvone, a natural product isolated from plants,...Ch. 15.5 - Prob. 3LTS

Chapter 15 Solutions