Chapter 15.3, Problem 4PE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The greatest percent increase and decrease in percent of $\left[{\text{H}}_3{\text{O}}^{+}\right]$ among the given $\text{pH}$ changes is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The $\text{pH}$ of an acid determines the concentration of Hydrogen or Hydronium ions that are present in the solution.

The formula for $\text{pH}$ is given as,

$\text{pH}=-\log \left[{\text{H}}_3{\text{O}}^{+}\right]$

To determine: The change in percentage of $\left[{\text{H}}_3{\text{O}}^{+}\right]$ when $\text{pH}$ changes from $1$ to $3$.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The change in percentage of $\left[{\text{H}}_3{\text{O}}^{+}\right]$ when $\text{pH}$ changes from $7$ to $4$.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The change in percentage of $\left[{\text{H}}_3{\text{O}}^{+}\right]$ when $\text{pH}$ changes from $12$ to $14$.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The change in percentage of $\left[{\text{H}}_3{\text{O}}^{+}\right]$ when $\text{pH}$ changes from $5$ to $9$.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The change in percentage of $\left[{\text{H}}_3{\text{O}}^{+}\right]$ when $\text{pH}$ changes from $2$ to $0$.