The ways of formation of joints.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 15.1, Problem 1BYL

To determine

The ways of formation of joints.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1BYL

Joints can be developed in rocks at depths that may be then raised to the land surface. Certain joints might develop because of the expansion on cooling or due to the pressure released when the upliftment of rocks to the surface takes place. Exfoliation, in which the Earth is shaped and carved by erosion, can also cause formation of joints.

Explanation of Solution

The fractures or very thin cracks that developed in rocks with no considerable displacement are defined as joints. Joints aid in splitting the rocks into smaller fragments and also allow the penetration of water and roots into the rock and thus stimulate weathering.

Most of the joints might develop in rocks at depth and might be uplifted to the land surface later. The estimation of the physical and chemical weathering rates at the surface is possible through the study of alignment and spacing of pre-existent faults and joints. Joints that are more closely spaced can enhance faster weathering.

The expansion of rocks in response to cooling or the release of pressure owing to upliftment to the surface might result in the development of some joints. It may be hard to distinguish such expansion joints from the pre-existent joints that are formed as a part of other processes.

When erosion shapes the Earth, the resulting topography would cause stresses, which are built up due to the unloading of weight from the overlying rocks. Through unloading, expansion joints might develop that mimic landscapes and peel off fine sheets of rock; this process is entitled as exfoliation. These exfoliated landscapes also exhibit several joints.

Jointing may be exhibited on the landscape in several forms such as exfoliation joints, columnar joints, curved faces of rocks, natural stair steps, and dome-shaped landscapes.

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Activity 12.3: Wave Refraction Pgs 202-203Figure 12.2 is a map view of a headland along a coastline. The water depths are shown by blue contour lines. As you complete the following questions, assume that waves with a wavelength of 60 feet are approaching the shoreline from the bottom left of the figure. 1. At approximately what water depth-10, 20, 30, or 40 feet-will the approaching waves begin to touch bottom and slow down? (Hint: Recall that this occurs when the water depth is one-half the wavelength.) Approximately the 30-foot depth line. 2. Using the wave shown in Figure 12.2 as a starting point, sketch a series of lines to illustrate the wave refraction that will occur as the wave approaches the shore by following these steps:Step 1: Mark the position on the 30-foot contour line where the wave front will first touch bottom.Step 2: Knowing that the section of the wave that touches bottom will slow down first, sketch the shape of the wave front when it reaches the 20-foot contour…

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 15.1, Problem 1BYL

To determine

The ways of formation of joints.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1BYL

Joints can be developed in rocks at depths that may be then raised to the land surface. Certain joints might develop because of the expansion on cooling or due to the pressure released when the upliftment of rocks to the surface takes place. Exfoliation, in which the Earth is shaped and carved by erosion, can also cause formation of joints.

Explanation of Solution

The fractures or very thin cracks that developed in rocks with no considerable displacement are defined as joints. Joints aid in splitting the rocks into smaller fragments and also allow the penetration of water and roots into the rock and thus stimulate weathering.

Most of the joints might develop in rocks at depth and might be uplifted to the land surface later. The estimation of the physical and chemical weathering rates at the surface is possible through the study of alignment and spacing of pre-existent faults and joints. Joints that are more closely spaced can enhance faster weathering.

The expansion of rocks in response to cooling or the release of pressure owing to upliftment to the surface might result in the development of some joints. It may be hard to distinguish such expansion joints from the pre-existent joints that are formed as a part of other processes.

When erosion shapes the Earth, the resulting topography would cause stresses, which are built up due to the unloading of weight from the overlying rocks. Through unloading, expansion joints might develop that mimic landscapes and peel off fine sheets of rock; this process is entitled as exfoliation. These exfoliated landscapes also exhibit several joints.

Jointing may be exhibited on the landscape in several forms such as exfoliation joints, columnar joints, curved faces of rocks, natural stair steps, and dome-shaped landscapes.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 15.1, Problem 1BYL

To determine

The ways of formation of joints.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1BYL

Joints can be developed in rocks at depths that may be then raised to the land surface. Certain joints might develop because of the expansion on cooling or due to the pressure released when the upliftment of rocks to the surface takes place. Exfoliation, in which the Earth is shaped and carved by erosion, can also cause formation of joints.

Explanation of Solution

The fractures or very thin cracks that developed in rocks with no considerable displacement are defined as joints. Joints aid in splitting the rocks into smaller fragments and also allow the penetration of water and roots into the rock and thus stimulate weathering.

Most of the joints might develop in rocks at depth and might be uplifted to the land surface later. The estimation of the physical and chemical weathering rates at the surface is possible through the study of alignment and spacing of pre-existent faults and joints. Joints that are more closely spaced can enhance faster weathering.

The expansion of rocks in response to cooling or the release of pressure owing to upliftment to the surface might result in the development of some joints. It may be hard to distinguish such expansion joints from the pre-existent joints that are formed as a part of other processes.

When erosion shapes the Earth, the resulting topography would cause stresses, which are built up due to the unloading of weight from the overlying rocks. Through unloading, expansion joints might develop that mimic landscapes and peel off fine sheets of rock; this process is entitled as exfoliation. These exfoliated landscapes also exhibit several joints.

Jointing may be exhibited on the landscape in several forms such as exfoliation joints, columnar joints, curved faces of rocks, natural stair steps, and dome-shaped landscapes.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 15.1, Problem 1BYL

To determine

The ways of formation of joints.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1BYL

Joints can be developed in rocks at depths that may be then raised to the land surface. Certain joints might develop because of the expansion on cooling or due to the pressure released when the upliftment of rocks to the surface takes place. Exfoliation, in which the Earth is shaped and carved by erosion, can also cause formation of joints.

Explanation of Solution

The fractures or very thin cracks that developed in rocks with no considerable displacement are defined as joints. Joints aid in splitting the rocks into smaller fragments and also allow the penetration of water and roots into the rock and thus stimulate weathering.

Most of the joints might develop in rocks at depth and might be uplifted to the land surface later. The estimation of the physical and chemical weathering rates at the surface is possible through the study of alignment and spacing of pre-existent faults and joints. Joints that are more closely spaced can enhance faster weathering.

The expansion of rocks in response to cooling or the release of pressure owing to upliftment to the surface might result in the development of some joints. It may be hard to distinguish such expansion joints from the pre-existent joints that are formed as a part of other processes.

When erosion shapes the Earth, the resulting topography would cause stresses, which are built up due to the unloading of weight from the overlying rocks. Through unloading, expansion joints might develop that mimic landscapes and peel off fine sheets of rock; this process is entitled as exfoliation. These exfoliated landscapes also exhibit several joints.

Jointing may be exhibited on the landscape in several forms such as exfoliation joints, columnar joints, curved faces of rocks, natural stair steps, and dome-shaped landscapes.

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Answer 5

Chapter 15.1, Problem 1BYL

To determine

The ways of formation of joints.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1BYL

Joints can be developed in rocks at depths that may be then raised to the land surface. Certain joints might develop because of the expansion on cooling or due to the pressure released when the upliftment of rocks to the surface takes place. Exfoliation, in which the Earth is shaped and carved by erosion, can also cause formation of joints.

Explanation of Solution

The fractures or very thin cracks that developed in rocks with no considerable displacement are defined as joints. Joints aid in splitting the rocks into smaller fragments and also allow the penetration of water and roots into the rock and thus stimulate weathering.

Most of the joints might develop in rocks at depth and might be uplifted to the land surface later. The estimation of the physical and chemical weathering rates at the surface is possible through the study of alignment and spacing of pre-existent faults and joints. Joints that are more closely spaced can enhance faster weathering.

The expansion of rocks in response to cooling or the release of pressure owing to upliftment to the surface might result in the development of some joints. It may be hard to distinguish such expansion joints from the pre-existent joints that are formed as a part of other processes.

When erosion shapes the Earth, the resulting topography would cause stresses, which are built up due to the unloading of weight from the overlying rocks. Through unloading, expansion joints might develop that mimic landscapes and peel off fine sheets of rock; this process is entitled as exfoliation. These exfoliated landscapes also exhibit several joints.

Jointing may be exhibited on the landscape in several forms such as exfoliation joints, columnar joints, curved faces of rocks, natural stair steps, and dome-shaped landscapes.

Answer 6

Chapter 15.1, Problem 1BYL

To determine

The ways of formation of joints.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1BYL

Joints can be developed in rocks at depths that may be then raised to the land surface. Certain joints might develop because of the expansion on cooling or due to the pressure released when the upliftment of rocks to the surface takes place. Exfoliation, in which the Earth is shaped and carved by erosion, can also cause formation of joints.

Explanation of Solution

The fractures or very thin cracks that developed in rocks with no considerable displacement are defined as joints. Joints aid in splitting the rocks into smaller fragments and also allow the penetration of water and roots into the rock and thus stimulate weathering.

Most of the joints might develop in rocks at depth and might be uplifted to the land surface later. The estimation of the physical and chemical weathering rates at the surface is possible through the study of alignment and spacing of pre-existent faults and joints. Joints that are more closely spaced can enhance faster weathering.

The expansion of rocks in response to cooling or the release of pressure owing to upliftment to the surface might result in the development of some joints. It may be hard to distinguish such expansion joints from the pre-existent joints that are formed as a part of other processes.

When erosion shapes the Earth, the resulting topography would cause stresses, which are built up due to the unloading of weight from the overlying rocks. Through unloading, expansion joints might develop that mimic landscapes and peel off fine sheets of rock; this process is entitled as exfoliation. These exfoliated landscapes also exhibit several joints.

Jointing may be exhibited on the landscape in several forms such as exfoliation joints, columnar joints, curved faces of rocks, natural stair steps, and dome-shaped landscapes.

Answer 7

Chapter 15.1, Problem 1BYL

To determine

The ways of formation of joints.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1BYL

Joints can be developed in rocks at depths that may be then raised to the land surface. Certain joints might develop because of the expansion on cooling or due to the pressure released when the upliftment of rocks to the surface takes place. Exfoliation, in which the Earth is shaped and carved by erosion, can also cause formation of joints.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Explanation of Solution

The fractures or very thin cracks that developed in rocks with no considerable displacement are defined as joints. Joints aid in splitting the rocks into smaller fragments and also allow the penetration of water and roots into the rock and thus stimulate weathering.

Most of the joints might develop in rocks at depth and might be uplifted to the land surface later. The estimation of the physical and chemical weathering rates at the surface is possible through the study of alignment and spacing of pre-existent faults and joints. Joints that are more closely spaced can enhance faster weathering.

The expansion of rocks in response to cooling or the release of pressure owing to upliftment to the surface might result in the development of some joints. It may be hard to distinguish such expansion joints from the pre-existent joints that are formed as a part of other processes.

When erosion shapes the Earth, the resulting topography would cause stresses, which are built up due to the unloading of weight from the overlying rocks. Through unloading, expansion joints might develop that mimic landscapes and peel off fine sheets of rock; this process is entitled as exfoliation. These exfoliated landscapes also exhibit several joints.

Jointing may be exhibited on the landscape in several forms such as exfoliation joints, columnar joints, curved faces of rocks, natural stair steps, and dome-shaped landscapes.

Answer 12

Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 1BYL Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 2BYL Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 3BYL Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 4BYL Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 1BYL Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 2BYL Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 3BYL Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 4BYL Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 1BYL Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 2BYL

The ways of formation of joints.

The ways of formation of joints.

Answer to Problem 1BYL

Explanation of Solution

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