Chapter 15, Problem 69APP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether ${\text{Ca}}^{\text{2+}}$ will be reduced in the given condition or not should be determined by using activity series.

Concept Introduction:

A redox reaction is meant to take place when the oxidation states of the atoms present in a chemical species are changed.

Electrical energy can be generated through spontaneous oxidation-reduction reaction by making use of apparatus known as voltaic cell. It contains two half cells, at one of the half cell oxidation takes place and at other half cell reduction takes place.

When these half cells containing the strip of the metal and the metal ion solution are placed in separate beakers, flow of electrons takes place from one half cell to other and these two half cells are connected by a salt bridge. The strip of the metal in each of these half cells is known as electrode and this strip is in contact with the metal ion solution.

Oxidation takes place at the electrode known as anode whereas reduction reaction takes place at cathode. Oxidation means loss of electrons while reduction means gain of electrons. Direction of a spontaneous redox reaction is determined with the help of activity series in which the metals which lose electrons easily are placed at the top and the metals that are unable to lose electrons easily are placed at bottom of the series.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether ${\text{Ag}}^{\text{+}}$ will be reduced in the given condition or not should be determined by using activity series.

Concept Introduction:

A redox reaction is meant to take place when the oxidation states of the atoms present in a chemical species are changed.

Electrical energy can be generated through spontaneous oxidation-reduction reaction by making use of apparatus known as voltaic cell. It contains two half cells, at one of the half cell oxidation takes place and at other half cell reduction takes place.

When these half cells containing the strip of the metal and the metal ion solution are placed in separate beakers, flow of electrons takes place from one half cell to other and these two half cells are connected by a salt bridge. The strip of the metal in each of these half cells is known as electrode and this strip is in contact with the metal ion solution.

Oxidation takes place at the electrode known as anode whereas reduction reaction takes place at cathode. Oxidation means loss of electrons while reduction means gain of electrons. Direction of a spontaneous redox reaction is determined with the help of activity series in which the metals which lose electrons easily are placed at the top and the metals that are unable to lose electrons easily are placed at bottom of the series.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether ${\text{Ni}}^{\text{2+}}$ will be reduced in the given condition or not should be determined by using activity series.

Concept Introduction:

A redox reaction is meant to take place when the oxidation states of the atoms present in a chemical species are changed.

Electrical energy can be generated through spontaneous oxidation-reduction reaction by making use of apparatus known as voltaic cell. It contains two half cells, at one of the half cell oxidation takes place and at other half cell reduction takes place.

When these half cells containing the strip of the metal and the metal ion solution are placed in separate beakers, flow of electrons takes place from one half cell to other and these two half cells are connected by a salt bridge. The strip of the metal in each of these half cells is known as electrode and this strip is in contact with the metal ion solution.

Oxidation takes place at the electrode known as anode whereas reduction reaction takes place at cathode. Oxidation means loss of electrons while reduction means gain of electrons. Direction of a spontaneous redox reaction is determined with the help of activity series in which the metals which lose electrons easily are placed at the top and the metals that are unable to lose electrons easily are placed at bottom of the series.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether ${\text{Al}}^{\text{3+}}$ will be reduced in the given condition or not should be determined by using activity series.

Concept Introduction:

A redox reaction is meant to take place when the oxidation states of the atoms present in a chemical species are changed.

Electrical energy can be generated through spontaneous oxidation-reduction reaction by making use of apparatus known as voltaic cell. It contains two half cells, at one of the half cell oxidation takes place and at other half cell reduction takes place.

When these half cells containing the strip of the metal and the metal ion solution are placed in separate beakers, flow of electrons takes place from one half cell to other and these two half cells are connected by a salt bridge. The strip of the metal in each of these half cells is known as electrode and this strip is in contact with the metal ion solution.

Oxidation takes place at the electrode known as anode whereas reduction reaction takes place at cathode. Oxidation means loss of electrons while reduction means gain of electrons. Direction of a spontaneous redox reaction is determined with the help of activity series in which the metals which lose electrons easily are placed at the top and the metals that are unable to lose electrons easily are placed at bottom of the series.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether ${\text{Pb}}^{\text{2+}}$ will be reduced in the given condition or not should be determined by using activity series.

Concept Introduction:

A redox reaction is meant to take place when the oxidation states of the atoms present in a chemical species are changed.

Electrical energy can be generated through spontaneous oxidation-reduction reaction by making use of apparatus known as voltaic cell. It contains two half cells, at one of the half cell oxidation takes place and at other half cell reduction takes place.

When these half cells containing the strip of the metal and the metal ion solution are placed in separate beakers, flow of electrons takes place from one half cell to other and these two half cells are connected by a salt bridge. The strip of the metal in each of these half cells is known as electrode and this strip is in contact with the metal ion solution.

Oxidation takes place at the electrode known as anode whereas reduction reaction takes place at cathode. Oxidation means loss of electrons while reduction means gain of electrons. Direction of a spontaneous redox reaction is determined with the help of activity series in which the metals which lose electrons easily are placed at the top and the metals that are unable to lose electrons easily are placed at bottom of the series.