Chapter 15, Problem 65E

Consider this reaction at equilibrium.

$C(s)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}(g)\rightleftharpoons \text{CO}(g)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}(g)$

Predict the effect (shift right, shift left, or no effect) of these changes.

a. adding C to the reaction mixture

b. condensing ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ and removing if from the reaction mixture

c. adding CO to the reaction mixture

d. removing ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}$ from the reaction mixture