Human Biology Custom Edition
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337631532
Author: Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15, Problem 3RQ
Which hormones produced in the posterior and anterior lobes of the pituitary gland have the targets indicated? Below, fill in the blanks using the abbreviations noted in Section 15.3.
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Classify the following hormones into whether they are produced by the hypothalamus or the anterior pituitary gland.
Anterior Pituitary Hormones
Hypothalamic Hormones
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
(thyrotropin)
Luteinizing hormone
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Somatostatin
Corticotropin-releasing hormone
Growth hormone
Growth hormone-releasing
hormone
Gonadotropin-releasing
hormone
Prolactin-inhibiting hormone
a) How does the body's hormonal response to short-term stress differ from the
body's hormonal response to long-term stress? In your answer, provide the names of
the hormones released, the glands from which they are released, and the effects on
the body.
b) Provide 2 reasons (as discussed in class) why long-term stress is harmful to our
physical health.
The endocrine system is composed of glands that secrete hormones that regulate the activity of different body cells. The pituitary gland is often called the "master gland" because it controls the activities of other glands.
Discuss a disorder associated with either hypo or hypersecretion of a specific hormone secreted by the pituitary gland.
Include in your discussion the answer to the following:
What effect will an increase or decrease in production have on the target organs?What signs and symptoms are associated with this condition and how is it treated?
Chapter 15 Solutions
Human Biology Custom Edition
Ch. 15 - Distinguish among hormones, neurotransmitters,...Ch. 15 - A hormone molecule binds to a receptor on a cell...Ch. 15 - Which hormones produced in the posterior and...Ch. 15 - Prob. 4RQCh. 15 - Give two examples of feedback control of hormone...Ch. 15 - __________ are molecules released from a signaling...Ch. 15 - Hormones are produced by ______________. a....Ch. 15 - ADH and oxytocin are hypothalamic hormones...Ch. 15 - _______ has effects on body tissues in general. a....Ch. 15 - Which of the following stimulate the secretion of...
Ch. 15 - _________lowers blood sugar levels; ____________...Ch. 15 - The pituitary detects a rising hormone...Ch. 15 - Second messengers assist _________. a. steroid...Ch. 15 - Match the hormone source with the closest...Ch. 15 - Match the endocrine control concepts.Ch. 15 - Addisons disease develops when the adrenal cortex...Ch. 15 - A physician sees a patient whose symptoms include...Ch. 15 - Prob. 3CTCh. 15 - Secretion of the hormone ADH may decrease or stop...
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- Two diiodotyrosine molecules will couple to form the hormone:arrow_forwardConsider the communication between the hypothalamus, pituitary and various target organs when answering this question. For each condition discussed, state the change you would expect to find for each hormone/compound addressed - INCREASED, DECREASED, UNAFFECTED, CAN'T INTERPRET: A patient suffering from untreated Graves disease: A) TSH B) Calcitonin C) Thyroxine(T4/T3) D) TRH A patient suffering from untreated goiter: A) TSH B) Calcitonin C) Thyroxine(T4/T3) D) TRH A patient suffering from pituitary tumor secreting ACTH: A) CRH B) ACTH C) Cortisol D) Plasma potassium level Now, let's consider calcium metabolism and balance. For each condition discussed, state the change you would expect to find for hormone/calcium levels - INCREASED, DECREASED, UNAFFECTED, CAN'T INTERPRET: A patient with…arrow_forwardCushing’s syndrome is a disorder that occurs when your adrenal glands release too much cortisol.Sometimes, Cushing’s is caused by a hormone-secreting tumor that leads to dysregulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland axis. Below, are listed a few tests doctors perform to determine the specific cause of Cushing’s in each patient. Please read the description of the test and possible results and respond to the prompts below. 1 Measure blood levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). If ACTH levels are lower than normal, where is the tumor? How do you know? Remember, this person has high cortisol levels 2 Conduct a corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) stimulation test where you inject a shot of CRH. If this test results in a normal increase in ACTH levels, where is the tumor? How do you know? 3 Inject a very high-dose of compound that is a cortisol-receptor agonist. A few hours later measure levels of circulating ACTH. If the test results in normal…arrow_forward
- The pituitary gland is often referred to as the master gland. Set aside the fact that this term is sexist and hegemonic. Instead, consider this definition from the Merriam Webster dictionary “being a device or mechanism that controls the operation of another mechanism.” Using examples from the anterior and posterior pituitary, explain how this definition could be appropriate.arrow_forwardOne of the main endocrine glands in the human body is the pituitary gland. This gland produces a variety of hormones with different effects. Among these are a heterogeneous group of hormones called tropic hormones, which directly stimulate the secretion of other hormones from downstream endocrine glands. Which of the following are tropic hormones? Select all that apply. LH Prolactin Oxytocin ACTH TSH testosteronearrow_forward8:18 1 of 2 < "My Brother Calls Me 'Bug s"": A Case Study on the Endocrine System Nineteen-year-old Krista waited impatiently as Dr. Weisman scribbled in his chart. She hoped he was scribbling an explanation of what was wrong with her. She was tired of not feeling like herself and tired of being so stressed about it. She was particularly tired of how her eyes seemed to bulge outward, so much that her 10-year-old brother had started calling her "Bug Eyes." Dr. Weisman finally put down his pen and looked at Krista. "Well, your blood pressure and pulse are elevated. You've lost weight without trying, you have difficulty sleeping, you perspire more than usual and you've had continuing bouts of diarrhea. Those things, combined with the swelling in the front of your neck, suggest that you may be suffering from more than the stress of college life. I think we need to run some blood tests to check your thyroid function." Krista blinked in surprise. "All of those things can be caused by a…arrow_forward
- Neuroendocrine glands are glands that are made up of both nervous tissue and endocrine tissue. This means that they can be directly stimulated by the nervous system to produce or release hormones. The pituitary gland and parathyroid gland are examples.Describe a situation/example for each (pituitary gland and parathyroid gland) that demonstrates the function mentioned above. Be specific.arrow_forwardIn the 1950s, Earl W. Sutherland, Jr., and his colleagues carried out pioneering experiments to elucidate the mechanism of action ofepinephrine and glucagon. Given what you have learned in this chapter about hormone action, interpret each of the experiments described below. Identify substance X and indicate the significance of the results.(a) Addition of epinephrine to a homogenate of normal liver resulted in an increase in the activity of glycogen phosphorylase. However, when the homogenate was first centrifuged at a high speed and epinephrine or glucagon was added to the clear supernatant fraction that contains phosphorylase, no increase in the phosphorylase activity occurred.(b) When the particulate fraction from the centrifugation in (a) was treated with epinephrine, substance X was produced. The substance was isolated and purified. Unlike epinephrine, substance X activated glycogen phosphorylase when added to the clear supernatant fraction of the centrifuged homogenate.(c)…arrow_forwardwhat are the specific names of the target cells of the anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis) that are regulated by hormones of the hypothalamus?arrow_forward
- Oxytocin, Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)/Vasopressin, epinephrine/adrenaline, norepinephrine/noradrenaline, growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) and other hormones made and secreted by neuronal cells are known as ______________arrow_forwardHow is SOPK syndrome affected by the endocrine system? Please be precise in your explanation. (At least 700 words.arrow_forwardName two hormones secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland.arrow_forward
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