
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The balanced equation of beta emission by
(a)

Explanation of Solution
A nuclear reaction involves changes at the subatomic level such as changes in the number of protons, number of neutrons or energy state. A nuclear reaction is balanced by two conservation laws. That are,
1. conservation of mass number that conserves the mass number of the elements.
2. conservation of charges that conserves the atomic number of the elements.
The reaction can be written as follows:
Where,
Apply the conservation conditions for mass numbers and
Balance the mass numbers according to the law of conservation of mass numbers. The mass number of the reactant is equal to the sum of mass numbers of the products.
Similarly, balance the atomic numbers according to the law of conservation of charges. The atomic number of the reactant is equal to the sum of atomic numbers of the products.
The element with atomic number
Hence, the balanced equation for the reaction is,
(b)
Interpretation:
The balanced equation of alpha emission by
(b)

Explanation of Solution
The given reaction can be written as follows:
Where,
Apply the conservation conditions for mass numbers and atomic numbers to identify the product,
Balance the mass numbers according to the law of conservation of mass numbers. The mass number of the reactant is equal to the sum of mass numbers of the products.
Similarly, balance the atomic numbers according to the law of conservation of charges. The atomic number of the reactant is equal to the sum of atomic numbers of the products.
The element with atomic number
Hence, the balanced equation for the reaction is,
(c)
Interpretation:
The balance equation of electron capture by
(c)

Explanation of Solution
The reaction can be written as follows:
Where,
Apply the conservation conditions for mass numbers and atomic numbers to identify the product,
Balance the mass numbers according to the law of conservation of mass numbers. The mass number of the reactant is equal to the sum of mass numbers of the products.
Similarly, balance the atomic numbers according to the law of conservation of charges. The atomic number of the reactant is equal to the sum of atomic numbers of the products.
The element with atomic number
Hence, the balanced equation for the reaction is,
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Chapter 15 Solutions
Introduction to Chemistry
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