Essentials of Geology
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393919394
Author: Marshak, Stephen
Publisher: W W Norton & Co Inc
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Question
Chapter 15, Problem 2RQ
To determine
The lithospheric differences between the continent and abyssal plains.
Expert Solution & Answer
Answer to Problem 2RQ
The lithosphere beneath the continent is much thicker than the lithosphere beneath an abyssal plain.
Explanation of Solution
The Earth’s lithosphere consists of the crust and a portion of the upper mantle. Abyssal plains are the underwater smooth horizontal ocean floors on the Earth’s surface and are commonly found at depths between 3000 m to 6000 m.
The lithosphere beneath a continent is thicker, and the crustal parts mainly consist of granite, diorite, sedimentary rocks, and sediments. The lithosphere beneath an abyssal plain is thinner, and it consists of basalt and gabbro.
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Shale and siltstone volcanic ash. erosjon surfaçe limestone sandstone erosion surface pegmatite granite slate dike
BUY
Ap
Retreating
glacier
Bedrock
Till
Stratified
drift
▲ Figure 9.7 This diagram showing common depositional landforms depicts a hypothetical area affected by ice
sheets in the recent geologic past. (Drumlin photo courtesy of Ward's Natural Science Establishment; esker photo by Richard P. Jacobs/
JLM Visuals; kame photo by John Dankwardt; kettle lake photo by Carlyn Iverson/Science Source)
Figure 9.9 is a stereogram showing a portion of the area covered by the Whitewater, Wisconsin, topographic map (Figure 9.10, page 160). Use the stereogram and the map to complete the following.
7. The streamlined, asymmetrical hills composed of till, labeled B, are what type of feature?
8. Examine the shape of the features labeled B on the map in Figure 9.10. How can these features be used to determine the direction of ice flow in a glaciated area?
9. Using the features labeled B in Figure 9.10 as a guide, draw an arrow on the map to indicate the direction of ice movement that occurred in this region.
10. What is the likely location of the outwash plain on the map? Identify and label the area "outwash plain." (Hint: Refer to Figure 9.7.)
11. Label the area covered by ground moraine.
12. What term is applied to the numerous almost circular depressions designated with the letter C?
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