The Science and Engineering of Materials (MindTap Course List)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781305076761
Author: Donald R. Askeland, Wendelin J. Wright
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15, Problem 15.1P
What are the primary types of atomic bonds in ceramics?
Expert Solution & Answer
To determine
To discuss: The type of bonds in ceramics.
Explanation of Solution
A ceramics is a type of solid material that contains metals, non-metals, inorganic material, and metalloid atoms. The properties of ceramics material are hard, brittle, and resistant to heat and corrosion. Ceramics material is used for domestic as well as industrial applications. Also, they are used in arts. The example of ceramics is brick, porcelains, earthenware, etc.
The particles of ceramics are closely packed and strongly attached. So, in ceramics, the electronegativity properties of atoms give ionic and covalent bonds.
Ionic bonding:
In ionic bonding, the valance electrons transfer between atoms which generate positive and negative chemical ions.
In the approach of bonding, there is a loss of metal in electron, and metal becomes positively charged ions, while non-metals accept the electron and become a negatively charged ion.
Covalent bonding:
The covalent bonding in ceramics arises by sharing of electrons between atoms. When the elements have the same periodic table position or near to the table position, the bond between elements arises by sharing electrons between atoms. This is called covalent bonding.
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(30 pts) Problem 1
A thin uniform rod of mass m and length 2r rests in a smooth hemispherical bowl of radius r. A
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is applied to the rod. Assume that the bowl is fixed and its rim is in the
horizontal plane.
HINT: It will help you to find the length l of that portion of the rod that remains outside the
bowl.
M
2r
a) How many degrees of freedom does this system have?
b) Write an equation for the virtual work in terms of the angle 0 and the motion of the
center of mass (TF)
c) Derive an equation for the variation in the position of the center of mass (i.e., Sŕƒ)
a. HINT: Use the center of the bowl as the coordinate system origin for the problem.
d) In the case of no applied moment (i.e., M 0), derive an equation that can be used to
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e) In the case of an applied moment (i.e., M
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4
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f) Can…
Please show all work step by step
Chapter 15 Solutions
The Science and Engineering of Materials (MindTap Course List)
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