ELEMENTARY SURVEYING (LOOSELEAF)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604701
Author: GHILANI
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 15, Problem 15.1P
To determine
Types of kinematic surveys.
Expert Solution & Answer
Answer to Problem 15.1P
Types of kinematic
1. Real time kinematic survey
2. Post process kinematic survey
Explanation of Solution
Surveying plays is an important role in all engineering projects. By measuring the horizontal and vertical direction and angle, it is an art and science to find the relative position of various valuable points or stations on the earth's surface. We prepare plans, maps, or layout by these points.
The most effective and fastest survey technique is Kinematic surveying. The relative positioning technique is used for the observation of the carrier phase shift. The cinematic survey can provide the coordinate of the points with the fastest values while the receiver is motionless or in motion.
The two types of kinematic survey are:
1. Real time kinematic survey
The Real time kinematic survey (RTK) is also referred to as the relative positioning technique that measures the position in real time using two global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). One is placed at a static point with established coordinates and is known as the base station. It carries a large frequency radio to the second unit (known as the rover) with its raw observation and the rover carries both observations to determine a position relative to the base location in real time.
RTK surveying requires positive communication between base and rover units and works best with short baselines as the accuracy of measurements or analysis of RTK decreases as the length of the baseline increases.
2. Post process kinematic survey
A post process kinematic survey requires a base receiver that collects data at the same time rate as the rover. In the Kinematic survey of post processes, the identified coordinates should be stored in the survey controller and the observations of the raw global navigation satellite system (GNSS) are saved in the recipient until the fieldwork is completed. The data are then processed by the same software and processing techniques used in static surveys in the office.
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Consider the geometric and traffic characteristics shown below.
Approach
(Width)
North
South
East
West
(56 ft) (56 ft)
(68 ft)
(68 ft)
Peak hour Approach Volumes:
Left Turn
165
105
200
166
Through Movement
447
400
590
543
Right Turn
162
157
191
200
Conflicting Pedestrian Volumes
900
1,200
1,200
900
PHF
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
For the following saturation flows:
Through lanes:
1,600 veh/h/In
Through-right lanes:
1,400 veh/h/In
Left lanes:
1,000 veh/h/In
Left-through lanes:
1,200 veh/h/In
Left-through-right lanes:
1,100 veh/h/In
The total cycle length was 283 s. Now assume the saturation flow rates are 10% higher, that is, assume the following saturation flow rates:
Through lanes:
1,760 veh/h/In
Through-right lanes:
1,540 veh/h/In
Left lanes:
1,100 veh/h/In
Left-through lanes:
1,320 veh/h/In
1,210 veh/h/In
Left-through-right lanes:
Determine a suitable signal phasing system and phase lengths (in s) for the intersection using the Webster method. (Enter the sum of green and yellow times for…
The given beam has continuous lateral support. If the live load is twice the dead load, what is the
maximum total service load, in kips / ft, that can be supported? A992 steel is used: Fy = 50 ksi,
Fu=65 ksi. Take L = 30 ft.
bf
For W40 x 149:
2tf
=
7.11,
=
=
54.3, Z 598 in.³
tw
W
W40 X 149
L
(Express your answers to three significant figures.)
a. Use LRFD.
Wtotal =
kips/ft
b. Use ASD.
Wtotal
kips/ft
Chapter 15 Solutions
ELEMENTARY SURVEYING (LOOSELEAF)
Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.1PCh. 15 - Prob. 15.2PCh. 15 - Prob. 15.3PCh. 15 - Prob. 15.4PCh. 15 - Prob. 15.5PCh. 15 - Prob. 15.6PCh. 15 - Prob. 15.7PCh. 15 - Prob. 15.8PCh. 15 - Prob. 15.9PCh. 15 - Prob. 15.10P
Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.11PCh. 15 - Prob. 15.12PCh. 15 - Prob. 15.13PCh. 15 - Prob. 15.14PCh. 15 - Prob. 15.15PCh. 15 - Prob. 15.16PCh. 15 - Prob. 15.17PCh. 15 - Prob. 15.18PCh. 15 - Prob. 15.19PCh. 15 - Prob. 15.20PCh. 15 - Prob. 15.21PCh. 15 - Prob. 15.22PCh. 15 - What errors are modeled in a VRS?Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.24PCh. 15 - Prob. 15.25PCh. 15 - Prob. 15.26PCh. 15 - Prob. 15.27PCh. 15 - Prob. 15.28PCh. 15 - Prob. 15.29PCh. 15 - Prob. 15.30PCh. 15 - Prob. 15.31PCh. 15 - Prob. 15.32P
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