Chapter 15, Problem 15.18P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To write the structural formula of the lowest molecular weight chiral molecule of alkane.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

• A plane of symmetry
• A centre of symmetry
• n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 15.18P

Explanation of Solution

Since alkanes consist of only carbon and hydrogen, the lowest molecular weight alkane can have four different groups attached to it namely- hydrogen, methyl group, ethyl group, and propyl group.

So the molecule so formed is: 3-Methyl-Hexane.

3-Methyl-Hexane.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To write the structural formula of the lowest molecular weight chiral molecule of alkene.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

• A plane of symmetry
• A centre of symmetry
• n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 15.18P

Explanation of Solution

Since alkenes consist of only carbon and hydrogen, with a double bond, the lowest molecular weight alkene can have four different groups attached to it namely- hydrogen, methyl group, vinyl group, and ethyl group.

So the molecule so formed is: 3-Methyl-Pent-1-ene.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To write the structural formula of the lowest molecular weight chiral molecule of alcohol.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

• A plane of symmetry
• A centre of symmetry
• n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 15.18P

Explanation of Solution

Since alcohol consist of carbon and hydrogen and oxygen, the lowest molecular weight alcohol can have four different groups attached to it namely- hydrogen, methyl group, hydroxyl group, and ethyl group.

So, the molecule so formed is: 2-Butanol.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To write the structural formula of the lowest molecular weight chiral molecule of alcohol.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

• A plane of symmetry
• A centre of symmetry
• n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 15.18P

Explanation of Solution

Since aldehyde consists of carbon and hydrogen and oxygen, the lowest molecular weight aldehyde can have four different groups attached to it namely- hydrogen, methyl group, -CHO group, and ethyl group.

So the molecule so formed is: 2-Methyl-Butan-1-al.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

To write the structural formula of the lowest molecular weight chiral molecule of alcohol.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

• A plane of symmetry
• A centre of symmetry
• n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 15.18P

Explanation of Solution

Since ketone consist of carbon and hydrogen and oxygen, the lowest molecular weight ketone can have four different groups attached to it namely- hydrogen, methyl group, -C=O group, and ethyl group.

So, the molecule so formed is: 3-Methyl-Pentan-2-one.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

To write the structural formula of the lowest molecular weight chiral molecule of alcohol.

Concept Introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and if it does not possess an alternate axis of symmetry.

A carbon atom bonded in a tetrahedral structure to four different substituents in a molecule, it is called as a chiral centre or stereocentre.

If an organic molecule has more than one chiral carbon or chiral centre then the molecule may be achiral or chiral and it is depend upon whether the molecule has element of symmetry or not.

The elements of symmetry are-

• A plane of symmetry
• A centre of symmetry
• n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.

Answer to Problem 15.18P

Explanation of Solution

Since carboxylic acid consist of carbon and hydrogen and oxygen, the lowest molecular weight carboxylic acid can have four different groups attached to it namely- hydrogen, methyl group, carboxylic acid group and ethyl group.

So, the molecule so formed is: 2-Methyl-Butan-1-oic acid.