Chapter 14.7, Problem 14PTS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The explanation for using IR spectroscopy to monitor the progress of the given reaction has to be given.

Concept introduction:

IR spectral studies: It is a spectroscopic technique which is used to determine the functional groups present in the given compound sample by absorbing characteristic frequency in particular range with respect to the group present in the given sample.

Wavenumber: It is defined as the number of waves in one centimeter. The wavenumber indicates the location of each signal with respect to the functional group in the molecule and its unit is ${\text{cm}}^{\text{-1}}$.

Carbonyl group: The functional group that contains carbon atom which is doubly bonded with the oxygen atom.

Conjugated Compounds: The conjugated compounds arises when the p-orbitals overlap bridges the single bonds lying between the two phi bonds, which allows the delocalization of electrons over the compound.

Primary and secondary amine:

It refers to the functional group that contains one nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and one carbon containing group and the secondary amine contains nitrogen bonded to one hydrogen atom and two carbon containing groups.

Alcohol functional group: It refers to the functional group that contains one $\text{OH}$ group bonded with the carbon atom in a molecule. The characteristic IR signal for $\text{OH}$ group is broad signal at range of about 3200-3600${\text{cm}}^{\text{-1}}$.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Interpretation:

The explanation for using IR spectroscopy to monitor the progress of the given reaction has to be given.

Concept introduction:

IR spectral studies: It is a spectroscopic technique which is used to determine the functional groups present in the given compound sample by absorbing characteristic frequency in particular range with respect to the group present in the given sample.

Wavenumber: It is defined as the number of waves in one centimeter. The wavenumber indicates the location of each signal with respect to the functional group in the molecule and its unit is ${\text{cm}}^{\text{-1}}$.

Carbonyl group: The functional group that contains carbon atom which is doubly bonded with the oxygen atom.

Conjugated Compounds: The conjugated compounds arises when the p-orbitals overlap bridges the single bonds lying between the two phi bonds, which allows the delocalization of electrons over the compound.

Primary and secondary amine:

It refers to the functional group that contains one nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and one carbon containing group and the secondary amine contains nitrogen bonded to one hydrogen atom and two carbon containing groups.

Alcohol functional group: It refers to the functional group that contains one $\text{OH}$ group bonded with the carbon atom in a molecule. The characteristic IR signal for $\text{OH}$ group is broad signal at range of about 3200-3600${\text{cm}}^{\text{-1}}$.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The explanation for using IR spectroscopy to monitor the progress of the given reaction has to be given.

Concept introduction:

IR spectral studies: It is a spectroscopic technique which is used to determine the functional groups present in the given compound sample by absorbing characteristic frequency in particular range with respect to the group present in the given sample.

Wavenumber: It is defined as the number of waves in one centimeter. The wavenumber indicates the location of each signal with respect to the functional group in the molecule and its unit is ${\text{cm}}^{\text{-1}}$.

Carbonyl group: The functional group that contains carbon atom which is doubly bonded with the oxygen atom.

Conjugated Compounds: The conjugated compounds arises when the p-orbitals overlap bridges the single bonds lying between the two phi bonds, which allows the delocalization of electrons over the compound.

Primary and secondary amine:

It refers to the functional group that contains one nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and one carbon containing group and the secondary amine contains nitrogen bonded to one hydrogen atom and two carbon containing groups.

Alcohol functional group: It refers to the functional group that contains one $\text{OH}$ group bonded with the carbon atom in a molecule. The characteristic IR signal for $\text{OH}$ group is broad signal at range of about 3200-3600${\text{cm}}^{\text{-1}}$.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The explanation for using IR spectroscopy to monitor the progress of the given reaction has to be given.

Concept introduction:

IR spectral studies: It is a spectroscopic technique which is used to determine the functional groups present in the given compound sample by absorbing characteristic frequency in particular range with respect to the group present in the given sample.

Wavenumber: It is defined as the number of waves in one centimeter. The wavenumber indicates the location of each signal with respect to the functional group in the molecule and its unit is ${\text{cm}}^{\text{-1}}$.

Carbonyl group: The functional group that contains carbon atom which is doubly bonded with the oxygen atom.

Conjugated Compounds: The conjugated compounds arises when the p-orbitals overlap bridges the single bonds lying between the two phi bonds, which allows the delocalization of electrons over the compound.

Primary and secondary amine:

It refers to the functional group that contains one nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and one carbon containing group and the secondary amine contains nitrogen bonded to one hydrogen atom and two carbon containing groups.

Alcohol functional group: It refers to the functional group that contains one $\text{OH}$ group bonded with the carbon atom in a molecule. The characteristic IR signal for $\text{OH}$ group is broad signal at range of about 3200-3600${\text{cm}}^{\text{-1}}$.