Chapter 14.4, Problem 14.4.3SR

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given processes, whether ${\text{(ΔS}}_{\text{surr}})$ is positive, negative or not enough information to determine the sign of ${\text{(ΔS}}_{\text{surr}})$ has to be checked.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy is a thermodynamic quantity, which is the measure of randomness in a system.  The term entropy is useful in explaining the spontaneity of a process.  For all spontaneous process in an isolated system there will be an increase in entropy.  Let us consider the example of diffusion of gas molecule to understand the concept of entropy.  When a perfume bottle is opened the fragrance is immediately spread into the surroundings.  Inside the bottle the gas molecules are close to each other and entropy is less.  Once the bottle is opened the gas molecules escapes into the surroundings and have more disorderly arrangements.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given processes, whether ${\text{(ΔS}}_{\text{surr}})$ is positive, negative or not enough information to determine the sign of ${\text{(ΔS}}_{\text{surr}})$ has to be checked.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy is a thermodynamic quantity, which is the measure of randomness in a system.  The term entropy is useful in explaining the spontaneity of a process.  For all spontaneous process in an isolated system there will be an increase in entropy.  Let us consider the example of diffusion of gas molecule to understand the concept of entropy.  When a perfume bottle is opened the fragrance is immediately spread into the surroundings.  Inside the bottle the gas molecules are close to each other and entropy is less.  Once the bottle is opened the gas molecules escapes into the surroundings and have more disorderly arrangements.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given processes, whether ${\text{(ΔS}}_{\text{surr}})$ is positive, negative or not enough information to determine the sign of ${\text{(ΔS}}_{\text{surr}})$ has to be checked.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy is a thermodynamic quantity, which is the measure of randomness in a system.  The term entropy is useful in explaining the spontaneity of a process.  For all spontaneous process in an isolated system there will be an increase in entropy.  Let us consider the example of diffusion of gas molecule to understand the concept of entropy.  When a perfume bottle is opened the fragrance is immediately spread into the surroundings.  Inside the bottle the gas molecules are close to each other and entropy is less.  Once the bottle is opened the gas molecules escapes into the surroundings and have more disorderly arrangements.