
Concept explainers
Sub-part
A
The amount that the bank should lend, assuming that it holds no
Sub-part
A

Explanation of Solution
a. If Bank A wishes to hold no excess reserves form the deposit of $1,000, then the deposits would go up by $1,000 in liabilities. In the assets, the required reserves increase by $100 (10%
Bank A's | |||
Assets | Liabilities | ||
Reserves | $100 | Deposits | $1,000 |
Loans | $900 |
Introduction:
The Federal Reserve and banking system are responsible for the creation of money in the economy. The first step of this money creation process starts when the Federal Reserve injects money in the economy by buying bonds. This money is stored in a bank. Then, the bank would keep the required reserves with themselves, and lent the remaining excess reserves. These excess reserves will then be stored with some other bank and the other bank would also keep the required reserve and make a loan for the remaining amount. These excess reserves keep flowing in the economy, thus, creating money at every stage. A bank’s balance sheet has the deposit account and capital account on the liabilities side, and cash reserves, required reserves, loans, and securities are on the asset side of the bank’s balance sheet that are affected by the money creation process.
Sub-Part
B
The changes in the balance sheet of bank B, when maximum amount is lent..
Sub-Part
B

Explanation of Solution
The Bank B receives a deposit of $900 which it plans to lend keeping the required reserve. Thus, it will have similar effects as in part A. Bank B’s deposits increase by $900, and its reserves and loans increase by $90 (10% required reserve of $900) and $810 respectively.
Bank B's balance sheet | |||
Assets | Liabilities | ||
Reserves | $90 | Deposits | $900 |
Loans | $810 |
Introduction:
The Federal Reserve and banking system are responsible for the creation of money in the economy. The first step of this money creation process starts when the Federal Reserve injects money in the economy by buying bonds. This money is stored in a bank. Then, the bank would keep the required reserves with themselves, and lent the remaining excess reserves. These excess reserves will then be stored with some other bank and the other bank would also keep the required reserve and make a loan for the remaining amount. These excess reserves keep flowing in the economy, thus, creating money at every stage. A bank’s balance sheet has the deposit account and capital account on the liabilities side, and cash reserves, required reserves, loans, and securities are on the asset side of the bank’s balance sheet that are affected by the money creation process.
Sub-Part
C
The same process for banks C, D and E.
Sub-Part
C

Explanation of Solution
b. Similar, effects will take place in Banks C, D, and E. Each of their deposit will increase, and, holding 10% of reserves, their loans will increase too.
Bank C's balance sheet | |||
Assets | Liabilities | ||
Reserves | $81 | Deposits | $810 |
Loans | $729 |
Bank D's balance sheet | |||
Assets | Liabilities | ||
Reserves | $72.90 | Deposits | $729.00 |
Loans | $656.10 |
Bank E's balance sheet | |||
Assets | Liabilities | ||
Reserves | $65.61 | Deposits | $656.10 |
Loans | $590.49 |
Introduction:
The Federal Reserve and banking system are responsible for the creation of money in the economy. The first step of this money creation process starts when the Federal Reserve injects money in the economy by buying bonds. This money is stored in a bank. Then, the bank would keep the required reserves with themselves, and lent the remaining excess reserves. These excess reserves will then be stored with some other bank and the other bank would also keep the required reserve and make a loan for the remaining amount. These excess reserves keep flowing in the economy, thus, creating money at every stage. A bank’s balance sheet has the deposit account and capital account on the liabilities side, and cash reserves, required reserves, loans, and securities are on the asset side of the bank’s balance sheet that are affected by the money creation process.
Sub-Part
D
The total change in the money supply as a consequence of $1000 initial deposit.
Sub-Part
D

Explanation of Solution
The change in the money supply takes place when the excess reserves are lent out by the first bank. The formula to calculate the change in money supply is change in fresh reserves times the reciprocal of the reserve ratio. Thus,
Introduction:
The Federal Reserve and banking system are responsible for the creation of money in the economy. The first step of this money creation process starts when the Federal Reserve injects money in the economy by buying bonds. This money is stored in a bank. Then, the bank would keep the required reserves with themselves, and lent the remaining excess reserves. These excess reserves will then be stored with some other bank and the other bank would also keep the required reserve and make a loan for the remaining amount. These excess reserves keep flowing in the economy, thus, creating money at every stage. A bank’s balance sheet has the deposit account and capital account on the liabilities side, and cash reserves, required reserves, loans, and securities are on the asset side of the bank’s balance sheet that are affected by the money creation process.
Sub-Part
E
The effect on the total change in the money supply with holding the level of excess reserves.
Sub-Part
E

Explanation of Solution
If each of the banks plans to hold 5% excess reserves, then the money supply will reduce by 5%. Thus, the reserve ratio increases from 10% to 15%. With this effect, the change in money supply will be as follows:
Introduction:
The Federal Reserve and banking system are responsible for the creation of money in the economy. The first step of this money creation process starts when the Federal Reserve injects money in the economy by buying bonds. This money is stored in a bank. Then, the bank would keep the required reserves with themselves, and lent the remaining excess reserves. These excess reserves will then be stored with some other bank and the other bank would also keep the required reserve and make a loan for the remaining amount. These excess reserves keep flowing in the economy, thus, creating money at every stage. A bank’s balance sheet has the deposit account and capital account on the liabilities side, and cash reserves, required reserves, loans, and securities are on the asset side of the bank’s balance sheet that are affected by the money creation process.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 14 Solutions
ECON: MACRO4 (with CourseMate, 1 term (6 months) Printed Access Card) (New, Engaging Titles from 4LTR Press)
- You are employed as an economic consultant to the regional planning office of a large metropolitan area, and your task is to estimate the demand for hospital services in the area. Your estimates indicate that the own-price elasticity of demand equals 0.25, the income elasticity of demand equals 0.45, the cross-price elasticity of demand for hospital services with respect to the price of nursing home services equals 0.1, and the elasticity of travel time equals −0.37. Use this information to project the impact of the following changes on the demand for hospital services. Average travel time to the hospital diminishes by 5 percent due to overall improvements in the public transportation system. The price of nursing home care decreases by 10 percent. Average real income decreases by 10 percent. The hospital is forced to increase its price for services by 2 percent.arrow_forwardThe commissioner of health is concerned about the increasing number of reported cases of preventable childhood diseases, such as polio and rubella. It appears that a growing number of young children are not being vaccinated against childhood diseases as they should be. Two proposals to address the problem are sitting on the commissioner’s desk. The programs have equal costs, but the commissioner has funding for only one. The first proposal involves providing free vaccinations at clinics around the country. The benefits from a free vaccination program are likely to be experienced immediately in terms of a drop in the number of reported cases of illness. The second program calls for educating young married couples about the benefits of vaccination. The benefits in this instance will not be felt for some years. The commissioner wants to use cost-benefit analysis to determine which proposal should be implemented. Explain to the commissioner the critical role the discount rate plays in…arrow_forwardWhich of the following Nobel Prize Winners’ primary work in investments was consistent with market efficiency? Mark each “Yes” or “No.” You can search the internet for more information about their Nobel Prizes. Eugene Fama Harry Markowitz William Sharpe Robert Shillerarrow_forward
- not use ai pleasearrow_forwardNot use ai pleasearrow_forwardExercise 6 Imagine that you head production of a multinational food processing company. The ongoing uncer- tainty about costs means that you are unsure of the future cost of one of your inputs, x2. Your firm's production function is y = f(x1, x2) = x²x²² The output price p is 1000, x1 = 27, and wx₁ = 60. 1. Suppose the current input price is Wx2 = 50. Solve for the optimal choice of x2. 2. Now suppose that the probability the input price remains 50 is 0.65 and the probability that Wx2 60 is 0.35. Solve for the optimal choice of x2. Round down to the nearest integer. = 3. Finally, suppose the costs do actually rise, i.e., Wx2 = 60. Calculate the difference in profit from the uncertainty in (2) vs. the certainty in (1).arrow_forward
- Not use ai please letarrow_forwardQuestions from textbook: Santerre, Rexford, E., and Neun, Stephan P. Health Economics: Theories, Insights, and Industry Studies, 6th Edition, ISBN 13: 978-1-111-822729. Mason, OH: South-Western, Cengage Learning, 2013. 1. Suppose a health expenditure function is specified in the following manner: E = 500 + 0.2Y where E represents annual health care expenditures per capita and Y stands for income per capita. a. Using the slope of the health expenditure function, predict the change in per capita health care expenditures that would result from a $1,000 increase in per capita income. b. Compute the level of per capita health care spending when per capita income takes on the following dollar values: 0; 1,000; 2,000; 4,000; and 6,000. c. Using the resulting values for per capita health care spending in part B, graph the associated health care expenditure function. d. Assume that the fixed amount of health care spending decreases to $250. Graph the new and original health care functions on…arrow_forwardGraph shows the daily market price of jeans when the tax on sellers is set to zero per pair supposed the government institutes attacks of $20.30 per pair to be paid by the seller what is the quantity after taxarrow_forward
- Essentials of Economics (MindTap Course List)EconomicsISBN:9781337091992Author:N. Gregory MankiwPublisher:Cengage LearningPrinciples of Economics (MindTap Course List)EconomicsISBN:9781305585126Author:N. Gregory MankiwPublisher:Cengage LearningPrinciples of Macroeconomics (MindTap Course List)EconomicsISBN:9781285165912Author:N. Gregory MankiwPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Brief Principles of Macroeconomics (MindTap Cours...EconomicsISBN:9781337091985Author:N. Gregory MankiwPublisher:Cengage LearningPrinciples of Economics, 7th Edition (MindTap Cou...EconomicsISBN:9781285165875Author:N. Gregory MankiwPublisher:Cengage LearningPrinciples of Macroeconomics (MindTap Course List)EconomicsISBN:9781305971509Author:N. Gregory MankiwPublisher:Cengage Learning





