Nester's Microbiology: A Human Perspective
Nester's Microbiology: A Human Perspective
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781259709999
Author: Denise G. Anderson Lecturer, Sarah Salm, Deborah Allen
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 14, Problem 2CT
Summary Introduction

To review:

The mechanismsadopted by bacterial cellsto escape the deleterious effects of activated complement proteins.

Introduction:

The complement system is a key component belonging to the innate immune response thatplays a role in the recognition of the foreign agents and also in the activation of adaptive immunity. It consists of various complement proteins, which get activated by three main mechanisms:classical pathway, alternate pathway, and lectinpathway. Their activation eventually leads to the formation of the multiprotein pore complex or the MAC (membrane attack complex), which causes the cell lysis. Despite such elaborate machinery, various pathogens including bacteria are able to evade the immune system.

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Question #3: In the KeyGene paper, the authors state that it would be useful if pollen from an apomict would transmit apomixis-inducing genes to the female in the cross (assuming the pollen is viable). Assuming there was just one gene conferring gametophytic obligate apomixis, and that the two parents are inbreds, what would be the consequences of such a cross if: a) The apomixis was a dominant trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the parental cross. b) The apomixis was a recessive trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the…
Question #5: Assume that two genes are identified that confer gametophytic facultative apomixis in soybean. The genes show independent assortment. Recessive alleles at both loci are required for the facultative apomixis. Facultative apomixis is triggered when the temperature at pollination is above 20 degrees C. At temperatures below 20 degrees C, all reproduction is sexual, independent of genotype. A facultative apomict male, capable of producing viable pollen, was crossed with a sexually reproducing female. Assuming the parents are completely inbred, what are the predicted phenotypic ratios (apomict: non-apomict) for the F1, F2, and DH (F1-derived) generations at each of the following temperatures*: a) 15°C? b) 25°C? *for full credit, show crosses and genotypes where appropriate. Remember to position the female first (left side) in the cross. Type your answer here:
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