The regulation of most bacterial genes occurs at the level of (a) transcription (b) translation (c) replication (d) posttranslation (e) postreplication

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Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 14, Problem 1TYU

The regulation of most bacterial genes occurs at the level of (a) transcription (b) translation (c) replication (d) posttranslation (e) postreplication

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction: Genes are sets of nucleotides that codes for a particular protein. The genes have to be expressed for the synthesis of a protein. Gene regulation is a process where the expression of genes is controlled for the synthesis of specified gene products (usually RNA or proteins). This gene expression is regulated depending on the requirement of the cell. For example, cell division proteins are synthesized prior to the cell division. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes have differential gene expression in order to suit the specific needs of the cell.

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer: The regulation of most bacterial genes occurs at the level of transcription.

Hence, the correct answer is option (a).

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer:

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic cells and are unicellular. Therefore, they have limited components for all its essential functions. Another reason is that they have a very short life cycle, so fewer components are synthesized. Gene expression in bacteria occurs only when the environmental conditions are favorable such as the availability of food. In prokaryotic gene regulation, the half-life of mRNA is very less in order not to accumulate many mRNA and prevent unnecessary protein synthesis. In order to produce RNA and proteins at the time of requirement only and prevent unnecessary accumulation of molecules, bacteria have transcriptional-level control as part of gene regulation. Transcriptional-level control is found to be very efficient in bacteria as it helps to regulate the genes based on requirement, and favorable environmental conditions.

Option (a) is given as “transcription”.

Bacteria have transcriptional-level control as part of gene regulation.

Hence, the correct answer is option (a).

Reasons for incorrect answers:

Option (b) is given as, “translation”.

Translation is the process of formation of the protein inside the ribosomes. The bacterial genes regulate at the transcriptional-level, not at translational-level.

Hence, option (b) is incorrect.

Option (c) is given as, “replication”.

DNA replication is the process of the synthesis of the double strand by the action of the enzyme DNA polymerase. The bacterial genes regulate at the transcriptional-level, not during replication.

Hence, option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) is given as, “posttranslation”.

The bacterial genes regulate at the transcriptional-level, not at posttranslational level.

Hence, option (d) is incorrect.

Option (e) is given as, “postreplication”.

The bacterial genes regulate at the transcriptional-level, not at postreplication level.

Hence, option (e) is incorrect.

Hence, the options (b), (c), (d), and (e) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Transcription is the process of the formation of the mRNA template from the DNA template. The bacterial genes regulate at the transcriptional-level.

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Question #3: In the KeyGene paper, the authors state that it would be useful if pollen from an apomict would transmit apomixis-inducing genes to the female in the cross (assuming the pollen is viable). Assuming there was just one gene conferring gametophytic obligate apomixis, and that the two parents are inbreds, what would be the consequences of such a cross if: a) The apomixis was a dominant trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the parental cross. b) The apomixis was a recessive trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the…

Question #5: Assume that two genes are identified that confer gametophytic facultative apomixis in soybean. The genes show independent assortment. Recessive alleles at both loci are required for the facultative apomixis. Facultative apomixis is triggered when the temperature at pollination is above 20 degrees C. At temperatures below 20 degrees C, all reproduction is sexual, independent of genotype. A facultative apomict male, capable of producing viable pollen, was crossed with a sexually reproducing female. Assuming the parents are completely inbred, what are the predicted phenotypic ratios (apomict: non-apomict) for the F1, F2, and DH (F1-derived) generations at each of the following temperatures*: a) 15°C? b) 25°C? *for full credit, show crosses and genotypes where appropriate. Remember to position the female first (left side) in the cross. Type your answer here:

Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 14, Problem 1TYU

The regulation of most bacterial genes occurs at the level of (a) transcription (b) translation (c) replication (d) posttranslation (e) postreplication

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction: Genes are sets of nucleotides that codes for a particular protein. The genes have to be expressed for the synthesis of a protein. Gene regulation is a process where the expression of genes is controlled for the synthesis of specified gene products (usually RNA or proteins). This gene expression is regulated depending on the requirement of the cell. For example, cell division proteins are synthesized prior to the cell division. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes have differential gene expression in order to suit the specific needs of the cell.

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer: The regulation of most bacterial genes occurs at the level of transcription.

Hence, the correct answer is option (a).

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer:

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic cells and are unicellular. Therefore, they have limited components for all its essential functions. Another reason is that they have a very short life cycle, so fewer components are synthesized. Gene expression in bacteria occurs only when the environmental conditions are favorable such as the availability of food. In prokaryotic gene regulation, the half-life of mRNA is very less in order not to accumulate many mRNA and prevent unnecessary protein synthesis. In order to produce RNA and proteins at the time of requirement only and prevent unnecessary accumulation of molecules, bacteria have transcriptional-level control as part of gene regulation. Transcriptional-level control is found to be very efficient in bacteria as it helps to regulate the genes based on requirement, and favorable environmental conditions.

Option (a) is given as “transcription”.

Bacteria have transcriptional-level control as part of gene regulation.

Hence, the correct answer is option (a).

Reasons for incorrect answers:

Option (b) is given as, “translation”.

Translation is the process of formation of the protein inside the ribosomes. The bacterial genes regulate at the transcriptional-level, not at translational-level.

Hence, option (b) is incorrect.

Option (c) is given as, “replication”.

DNA replication is the process of the synthesis of the double strand by the action of the enzyme DNA polymerase. The bacterial genes regulate at the transcriptional-level, not during replication.

Hence, option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) is given as, “posttranslation”.

The bacterial genes regulate at the transcriptional-level, not at posttranslational level.

Hence, option (d) is incorrect.

Option (e) is given as, “postreplication”.

The bacterial genes regulate at the transcriptional-level, not at postreplication level.

Hence, option (e) is incorrect.

Hence, the options (b), (c), (d), and (e) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Transcription is the process of the formation of the mRNA template from the DNA template. The bacterial genes regulate at the transcriptional-level.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 14, Problem 1TYU

The regulation of most bacterial genes occurs at the level of (a) transcription (b) translation (c) replication (d) posttranslation (e) postreplication

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction: Genes are sets of nucleotides that codes for a particular protein. The genes have to be expressed for the synthesis of a protein. Gene regulation is a process where the expression of genes is controlled for the synthesis of specified gene products (usually RNA or proteins). This gene expression is regulated depending on the requirement of the cell. For example, cell division proteins are synthesized prior to the cell division. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes have differential gene expression in order to suit the specific needs of the cell.

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer: The regulation of most bacterial genes occurs at the level of transcription.

Hence, the correct answer is option (a).

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer:

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic cells and are unicellular. Therefore, they have limited components for all its essential functions. Another reason is that they have a very short life cycle, so fewer components are synthesized. Gene expression in bacteria occurs only when the environmental conditions are favorable such as the availability of food. In prokaryotic gene regulation, the half-life of mRNA is very less in order not to accumulate many mRNA and prevent unnecessary protein synthesis. In order to produce RNA and proteins at the time of requirement only and prevent unnecessary accumulation of molecules, bacteria have transcriptional-level control as part of gene regulation. Transcriptional-level control is found to be very efficient in bacteria as it helps to regulate the genes based on requirement, and favorable environmental conditions.

Option (a) is given as “transcription”.

Bacteria have transcriptional-level control as part of gene regulation.

Hence, the correct answer is option (a).

Reasons for incorrect answers:

Option (b) is given as, “translation”.

Translation is the process of formation of the protein inside the ribosomes. The bacterial genes regulate at the transcriptional-level, not at translational-level.

Hence, option (b) is incorrect.

Option (c) is given as, “replication”.

DNA replication is the process of the synthesis of the double strand by the action of the enzyme DNA polymerase. The bacterial genes regulate at the transcriptional-level, not during replication.

Hence, option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) is given as, “posttranslation”.

The bacterial genes regulate at the transcriptional-level, not at posttranslational level.

Hence, option (d) is incorrect.

Option (e) is given as, “postreplication”.

The bacterial genes regulate at the transcriptional-level, not at postreplication level.

Hence, option (e) is incorrect.

Hence, the options (b), (c), (d), and (e) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Transcription is the process of the formation of the mRNA template from the DNA template. The bacterial genes regulate at the transcriptional-level.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 14, Problem 1TYU

The regulation of most bacterial genes occurs at the level of (a) transcription (b) translation (c) replication (d) posttranslation (e) postreplication

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction: Genes are sets of nucleotides that codes for a particular protein. The genes have to be expressed for the synthesis of a protein. Gene regulation is a process where the expression of genes is controlled for the synthesis of specified gene products (usually RNA or proteins). This gene expression is regulated depending on the requirement of the cell. For example, cell division proteins are synthesized prior to the cell division. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes have differential gene expression in order to suit the specific needs of the cell.

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer: The regulation of most bacterial genes occurs at the level of transcription.

Hence, the correct answer is option (a).

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer:

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic cells and are unicellular. Therefore, they have limited components for all its essential functions. Another reason is that they have a very short life cycle, so fewer components are synthesized. Gene expression in bacteria occurs only when the environmental conditions are favorable such as the availability of food. In prokaryotic gene regulation, the half-life of mRNA is very less in order not to accumulate many mRNA and prevent unnecessary protein synthesis. In order to produce RNA and proteins at the time of requirement only and prevent unnecessary accumulation of molecules, bacteria have transcriptional-level control as part of gene regulation. Transcriptional-level control is found to be very efficient in bacteria as it helps to regulate the genes based on requirement, and favorable environmental conditions.

Option (a) is given as “transcription”.

Bacteria have transcriptional-level control as part of gene regulation.

Hence, the correct answer is option (a).

Reasons for incorrect answers:

Option (b) is given as, “translation”.

Translation is the process of formation of the protein inside the ribosomes. The bacterial genes regulate at the transcriptional-level, not at translational-level.

Hence, option (b) is incorrect.

Option (c) is given as, “replication”.

DNA replication is the process of the synthesis of the double strand by the action of the enzyme DNA polymerase. The bacterial genes regulate at the transcriptional-level, not during replication.

Hence, option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) is given as, “posttranslation”.

The bacterial genes regulate at the transcriptional-level, not at posttranslational level.

Hence, option (d) is incorrect.

Option (e) is given as, “postreplication”.

The bacterial genes regulate at the transcriptional-level, not at postreplication level.

Hence, option (e) is incorrect.

Hence, the options (b), (c), (d), and (e) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Transcription is the process of the formation of the mRNA template from the DNA template. The bacterial genes regulate at the transcriptional-level.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction: Genes are sets of nucleotides that codes for a particular protein. The genes have to be expressed for the synthesis of a protein. Gene regulation is a process where the expression of genes is controlled for the synthesis of specified gene products (usually RNA or proteins). This gene expression is regulated depending on the requirement of the cell. For example, cell division proteins are synthesized prior to the cell division. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes have differential gene expression in order to suit the specific needs of the cell.

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer: The regulation of most bacterial genes occurs at the level of transcription.

Hence, the correct answer is option (a).

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer:

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic cells and are unicellular. Therefore, they have limited components for all its essential functions. Another reason is that they have a very short life cycle, so fewer components are synthesized. Gene expression in bacteria occurs only when the environmental conditions are favorable such as the availability of food. In prokaryotic gene regulation, the half-life of mRNA is very less in order not to accumulate many mRNA and prevent unnecessary protein synthesis. In order to produce RNA and proteins at the time of requirement only and prevent unnecessary accumulation of molecules, bacteria have transcriptional-level control as part of gene regulation. Transcriptional-level control is found to be very efficient in bacteria as it helps to regulate the genes based on requirement, and favorable environmental conditions.

Option (a) is given as “transcription”.

Bacteria have transcriptional-level control as part of gene regulation.

Hence, the correct answer is option (a).

Reasons for incorrect answers:

Option (b) is given as, “translation”.

Translation is the process of formation of the protein inside the ribosomes. The bacterial genes regulate at the transcriptional-level, not at translational-level.

Hence, option (b) is incorrect.

Option (c) is given as, “replication”.

DNA replication is the process of the synthesis of the double strand by the action of the enzyme DNA polymerase. The bacterial genes regulate at the transcriptional-level, not during replication.

Hence, option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) is given as, “posttranslation”.

The bacterial genes regulate at the transcriptional-level, not at posttranslational level.

Hence, option (d) is incorrect.

Option (e) is given as, “postreplication”.

The bacterial genes regulate at the transcriptional-level, not at postreplication level.

Hence, option (e) is incorrect.

Hence, the options (b), (c), (d), and (e) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Transcription is the process of the formation of the mRNA template from the DNA template. The bacterial genes regulate at the transcriptional-level.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction: Genes are sets of nucleotides that codes for a particular protein. The genes have to be expressed for the synthesis of a protein. Gene regulation is a process where the expression of genes is controlled for the synthesis of specified gene products (usually RNA or proteins). This gene expression is regulated depending on the requirement of the cell. For example, cell division proteins are synthesized prior to the cell division. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes have differential gene expression in order to suit the specific needs of the cell.

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer: The regulation of most bacterial genes occurs at the level of transcription.

Hence, the correct answer is option (a).

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer:

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic cells and are unicellular. Therefore, they have limited components for all its essential functions. Another reason is that they have a very short life cycle, so fewer components are synthesized. Gene expression in bacteria occurs only when the environmental conditions are favorable such as the availability of food. In prokaryotic gene regulation, the half-life of mRNA is very less in order not to accumulate many mRNA and prevent unnecessary protein synthesis. In order to produce RNA and proteins at the time of requirement only and prevent unnecessary accumulation of molecules, bacteria have transcriptional-level control as part of gene regulation. Transcriptional-level control is found to be very efficient in bacteria as it helps to regulate the genes based on requirement, and favorable environmental conditions.

Option (a) is given as “transcription”.

Bacteria have transcriptional-level control as part of gene regulation.

Hence, the correct answer is option (a).

Reasons for incorrect answers:

Option (b) is given as, “translation”.

Translation is the process of formation of the protein inside the ribosomes. The bacterial genes regulate at the transcriptional-level, not at translational-level.

Hence, option (b) is incorrect.

Option (c) is given as, “replication”.

DNA replication is the process of the synthesis of the double strand by the action of the enzyme DNA polymerase. The bacterial genes regulate at the transcriptional-level, not during replication.

Hence, option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) is given as, “posttranslation”.

The bacterial genes regulate at the transcriptional-level, not at posttranslational level.

Hence, option (d) is incorrect.

Option (e) is given as, “postreplication”.

The bacterial genes regulate at the transcriptional-level, not at postreplication level.

Hence, option (e) is incorrect.

Hence, the options (b), (c), (d), and (e) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Transcription is the process of the formation of the mRNA template from the DNA template. The bacterial genes regulate at the transcriptional-level.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Summary Introduction

Introduction: Genes are sets of nucleotides that codes for a particular protein. The genes have to be expressed for the synthesis of a protein. Gene regulation is a process where the expression of genes is controlled for the synthesis of specified gene products (usually RNA or proteins). This gene expression is regulated depending on the requirement of the cell. For example, cell division proteins are synthesized prior to the cell division. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes have differential gene expression in order to suit the specific needs of the cell.

Answer 12

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer: The regulation of most bacterial genes occurs at the level of transcription.

Hence, the correct answer is option (a).

Answer 13

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer:

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic cells and are unicellular. Therefore, they have limited components for all its essential functions. Another reason is that they have a very short life cycle, so fewer components are synthesized. Gene expression in bacteria occurs only when the environmental conditions are favorable such as the availability of food. In prokaryotic gene regulation, the half-life of mRNA is very less in order not to accumulate many mRNA and prevent unnecessary protein synthesis. In order to produce RNA and proteins at the time of requirement only and prevent unnecessary accumulation of molecules, bacteria have transcriptional-level control as part of gene regulation. Transcriptional-level control is found to be very efficient in bacteria as it helps to regulate the genes based on requirement, and favorable environmental conditions.

Option (a) is given as “transcription”.

Bacteria have transcriptional-level control as part of gene regulation.

Hence, the correct answer is option (a).

Reasons for incorrect answers:

Option (b) is given as, “translation”.

Translation is the process of formation of the protein inside the ribosomes. The bacterial genes regulate at the transcriptional-level, not at translational-level.

Hence, option (b) is incorrect.

Option (c) is given as, “replication”.

DNA replication is the process of the synthesis of the double strand by the action of the enzyme DNA polymerase. The bacterial genes regulate at the transcriptional-level, not during replication.

Hence, option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) is given as, “posttranslation”.

The bacterial genes regulate at the transcriptional-level, not at posttranslational level.

Hence, option (d) is incorrect.

Option (e) is given as, “postreplication”.

The bacterial genes regulate at the transcriptional-level, not at postreplication level.

Hence, option (e) is incorrect.

Hence, the options (b), (c), (d), and (e) are incorrect.