Pearson eText Principles of Human Physiology -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
Pearson eText Principles of Human Physiology -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780135213001
Author: Cindy Stanfield
Publisher: PEARSON+
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Chapter 14, Problem 1E
Summary Introduction

Introduction:

Peripheral resistance can be defined as the arteries resistance to the flow of blood. The resistance shown by the systemic circulation is also known as the systemic vascular resistance or SVR. It is also named as total peripheral resistance or TPR.

Expert Solution & Answer
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Answer to Problem 1E

Solution:

The correct answer is the option (c) the combined resistance of all organs in the systemic circuit.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/justification for the correct answer:

The correct is option (c). The combined resistance of all organs in the systemic circuit. The systemic circuit referred to the part of the circulatory system carries the blood away from your heart. It delivers it to the body organs and tissue and returns back to the heart again. The systemic circuit is different from the pulmonary circuit, that conducts blood between the heart and lungs. Hence, the option (c) is correct.

Explanation for incorrect answer:

Option (a) The combined resistance of all organs in the body. It happens in the systemic circuit in the TPR. Hence, the option (a) is incorrect.

Option (b) The resistance of capillaries located in distal body parts. When the vascular disease leads to the stiffening of arteries, compliance gets reduced and there is an increase in resistance to blood flow. Hence, the option (b) is incorrect.

Option (d) The combined resistance of all the blood vessels within an organ or tissue. It does not occur in TPR. Hence, the option (d) is incorrect.

Option (e) The resistance to blood flow through the heart. Due to the increase in resistance in the arterial system, the blood pressure increases and flow decreases. Hence, the option (e) is incorrect.

Conclusion

Thus, the systemic circuit conducts blood between the heart and all organs. Hence, the option (c) is correct.

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A sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation?   The cell membranes are more resistant than normal.   An isotonic solution had been added instead of water.   A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water.   Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet.   The man had sickle-cell anaemia.
A sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation?   The cell membranes are more resistant than normal.   An isotonic solution had been added instead of water.   A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water.   Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet.   The man had sickle-cell anaemia.
With reference to their absorption spectra of the oxy haemoglobin intact line) and deoxyhemoglobin (broken line) shown in Figure 2 below, how would you best explain the reason why there are differences in the major peaks of the spectra? Figure 2. SPECTRA OF OXYGENATED AND DEOXYGENATED HAEMOGLOBIN OBTAINED WITH THE RECORDING SPECTROPHOTOMETER 1.4 Abs < 0.8 06 0.4 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 nm 1. The difference in the spectra is due to a pH change in the deoxy-haemoglobin due to uptake of CO2- 2. There is more oxygen-carrying plasma in the oxy-haemoglobin sample. 3. The change in Mr due to oxygen binding causes the oxy haemoglobin to have a higher absorbance peak. 4. Oxy-haemoglobin is contaminated by carbaminohemoglobin, and therefore has a higher absorbance peak 5. Oxy-haemoglobin absorbs more light of blue wavelengths and less of red wavelengths than deoxy-haemoglobin
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