Chapter 14, Problem 14.117P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Balanced chemical equation, oxidation state of Oxygen, Oxidizing agent and Reducing agent for each of the given reaction has to be given.

Concept-Introduction:

Oxidation reaction: The loss of electrons or the gain of oxygen atoms. And also increase their oxidation number.

Reduction reaction: Gaining electrons or adding hydrogen atoms. And also decrease their oxidation number.

Oxidation number: The total number of electrons in an atom after losing or gaining electrons to make a bond with another atom. It indicates the charge of an ion.

An oxidizing agent is a substance that oxidizes another substance in a chemical reaction and itself gets reduced.

A reducing agent is a substance that reduces another substance in a chemical reaction and itself gets oxidized.

Chemical equation is the representation of a chemical reaction, in which the reactants and products of the reactions are represented left and right side of an arrow respectively by using their respective chemical formulas.

Balanced chemical equation of a reaction is written according to law of conservation of mass.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structure of $O{F}_2$ has to be determined also the molecular shape of it has to be predicted.

Concept-Introduction:

Lewis structure

Electron dot structure also known as Lewis dot structure represents the number of valence electrons of an atom or constituent atoms bonded in a molecule.  Each dot corresponds to one electron.

According to VSEPR theory, the geometry is predicted by the minimizing the repulsions between electron-pairs in the bonds and lone-pairs of electrons.  The VSEPR theory is summarized in the given table as,

  $\begin{array}{cccc}\text{Electron-pair}& \text{lone-pair}& \text{Electron-pair}\text{geometry}& \text{Molecular}\text{shape}\\ 2& 0& \text{Linear}& \text{Linear}\\ 3& 0& \text{Trigonal}\text{planar}& \text{Trigonal}\text{planar}\\ 2& 1& \text{Trigonal}\text{planar}& \text{Bent}\\ 4& 0& \text{Tetrahedral}& \text{Tetrahedral}\\ 3& 1& \text{Tetrahedral}& \text{Pyramidal}\\ 2& 2& \text{Tetrahedral}& \text{V}-\text{shape}\\ 5& 0& \text{Trigonal}\text{bipyramidal}& \text{Trigonal}\text{bipyramidal}\\ 4& 1& \text{Trigonal}\text{bipyramidal}& \text{See}-\text{saw}\\ 3& 2& \text{Trigonal}\text{bipyramidal}& \text{T}-\text{shape}\\ 2& 3& \text{Trigonal}\text{bipyramidal}& \text{Linear}\\ 6& 0& \text{Octahedral}& \text{Octahedral}\\ 5& 1& \text{Octahedral}& \text{Square}\text{pyramidal}\\ 4& 2& \text{Octahedral}& \text{Square}\text{planar}\end{array}$