
Concept explainers
To label: The label the structures in figure 14.1 (a).
Introduction: A group of skeletal muscles that was supplied by the facial nerves is termed as the facial muscles. They are involved in controlling facial expression. It is also termed as mimetic muscles and it includes zygomaticus major, zygomaticus minor, orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris, platysma, and occipitofrontalis muscle.

Answer to Problem 1.1BGL
Pictorial representation:
Explanation of Solution
1. Frontalis: It is a thin, quadrilateral form of muscle which is categorized as the frontal belly and occipital belly. The frontal belly lies over the frontal bone and is involved raising the eyebrows and wrinkling the forehead. The occipital belly lies over the occipital bone and involved in pulling the scalp posteriorly.
2. Orbicularis oculi: Orbicularis oculi is a facial muscle which is directly situated underneath the surface of the skin of the eyes. These muscles are involved in controlling the eye movement. It is a ring-like band of muscle that specifically encircles the eye. It is situated below the tissue of eyelid and makes the eyelid to blink or close.
3. Zygomaticus major: Zygomaticus major is a muscle of facial expression. It is involved in the superior and posterior motion of the mouth. This action of drawing the angle of mouth especially controls the smiling. This muscle is situated between the corner of the mouth and the zygomatic bone. It is located inferiorly within the zygomatic minor.
4. Zygomaticus minor: It is located between the zygomatic bone and the corner of the mouth. Raising the upper lip and exposing the upper teeth is the main function of this muscle.
5. Orbicularis oris: Orbicularis oris is a facial muscle involved in controlling the lip and mouth movements. These muscles are originated from the bones of upper and lower jaw and palates. It is a sphincter muscle that specifically encircles the mouth. These muscles are involved in closing and pursing of lips.
6. Platysma: It is a wide, flat muscle that covers the entire anterior neck and the lower mandible and it ends on the chest. It depresses the mandible and tenses the skin of the neck.
To label: The label the structures in figure 14.1 (c).

Answer to Problem 1.1BGL
Pictorial representation:
Explanation of Solution
1. Frontalis: It is a thin, quadrilateral form of muscle which is categorized as the frontal belly and occipital belly. The frontal belly lies over the frontal bone and is involved raising the eyebrows and wrinkling the forehead. The occipital belly lies over the occipital bone and involved in pulling the scalp posteriorly.
2. Occipitalis: It is situated over the inferior portion of the occipital bone. It is innervated by the facial nerve and is involved in the back movement of the skull.
3. Orbicularis oculi: Orbicularis oculi is a facial muscle which is directly situated underneath the surface of the skin of the eyes. These muscles are involved in controlling the eye movement. It is a ring-like band of muscle that specifically encircles the eye. It is situated below the tissue of eyelid and makes the eyelid to blink or close.
4. Masseter: The masseter is a facial muscle and it is located in the cheek area and it is one of the muscles of mastication or chewing process. It is a rectangular-shaped muscle and is situated in the anterior portion of the ear between the zygomatic arch and posterior part of the mandible. The main function of these muscles is the elevation and retraction of the mandible.
5. Zygomaticus minor: It is located between the zygomatic bone and the corner of the mouth. Raising the upper lip and exposing the upper teeth is the main function of this muscle.
6. Zygomaticus major: Zygomaticus major is a muscle of facial expression. It is involved in the superior and posterior motion of the mouth. This action of drawing the angle of mouth especially controls the smiling. This muscle is situated between the corner of the mouth and the zygomatic bone. It is located inferiorly within the zygomatic minor.
7. Buccinator: It is situated deep to the masseter and its fibers run transversely and form the fleshy part in the cheek. The function of this muscle is pressing the cheek inward to suck, blow, and whistle.
To label: The label the structures in figure 14.1 (d).

Answer to Problem 1.1BGL
Pictorial representation:
Explanation of Solution
8. Temporalis: The temporalis is a broad, fan-shaped muscle and it is located on each side of the head. It covers most of the temporal bone and it is one of the muscles of mastication or chewing process. The main function of these muscles is to move the lower jaw or mandible. It is specifically involved in the elevation and retraction of the mandible.
9. Lateral pterygoid: It is situated superior to the medial pterygoid and deep to masseter. It protracts, depresses, and moves the mandible in it sideways.
10. Medial pterygoid: It is situated inferior to the lateral pterygoid and deep to the masseter. It elevates, protrudes, and moves the mandibles in it sideways.
11. Orbicularis oculi: Orbicularis oculi is a facial muscle which is directly situated underneath the surface of the skin of the eyes. These muscles are involved in controlling the eye movement. It is a ring-like band of muscle that specifically encircles the eye. It is situated below the tissue of eyelid and makes the eyelid to blink or close.
12. Buccinator: It is situated deep to the masseter and its fibers run transversely and form the fleshy part in the cheek. The function of this muscle is pressing the cheek inward to suck, blow, and whistle.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 14 Solutions
Laboratory Manual for Anatomy and Physiology, 6e Loose-Leaf Print Companion with WileyPLUS Blackboard Card Set
- In this activity you will research performance enhancers that affect the endocrine system or nervous system. You will submit a 1 page paper on one performance enhancer of your choice. Be sure to include: the specific reason for use the alleged results on improving performance how it works how it affect homeostasis and improves performance any side-effects of this substancearrow_forwardNeurons and Reflexes 1. Describe the function of the: a) dendrite b) axon c) cell body d) myelin sheath e) nodes of Ranvier f) Schwann cells g) motor neuron, interneuron and sensory neuron 2. List some simple reflexes. Explain why babies are born with simple reflexes. What are they and why are they necessary. 3. Explain why you only feel pain after a few seconds when you touch something very hot but you have already pulled your hand away. 4. What part of the brain receives sensory information? What part of the brain directs you to move your hand away? 5. In your own words describe how the axon fires.arrow_forwardMutations Here is your template DNA strand: CTT TTA TAG TAG ATA CCA CAA AGG 1. Write out the complementary mRNA that matches the DNA above. 2. Write the anticodons and the amino acid sequence. 3. Change the nucleotide in position #15 to C. 4. What type of mutation is this? 5. Repeat steps 1 & 2. 6. How has this change affected the amino acid sequence? 7. Now remove nucleotides 13 through 15. 8. Repeat steps 1 & 2. 9. What type of mutation is this? 0. Do all mutations result in a change in the amino acid sequence? 1. Are all mutations considered bad? 2. The above sequence codes for a genetic disorder called cystic fibrosis (CF). 3. When A is changed to G in position #15, the person does not have CF. When T is changed to C in position #14, the person has the disorder. How could this have originated?arrow_forward
- hoose a scientist(s) and research their contribution to our derstanding of DNA structure or replication. Write a one page port and include: their research where they studied and the time period in which they worked their experiments and results the contribution to our understanding of DNA cientists Watson & Crickarrow_forwardhoose a scientist(s) and research their contribution to our derstanding of DNA structure or replication. Write a one page port and include: their research where they studied and the time period in which they worked their experiments and results the contribution to our understanding of DNA cientists Watson & Crickarrow_forward7. Aerobic respiration of a protein that breaks down into 12 molecules of malic acid. Assume there is no other carbon source and no acetyl-CoA. NADH FADH2 OP ATP SLP ATP Total ATP Show your work using dimensional analysis here: 3arrow_forward
- For each of the following problems calculate the following: (Week 6-3 Video with 6-1 and 6-2) Consult the total catabolic pathways on the last page as a reference for the following questions. A. How much NADH and FADH2 is produced and fed into the electron transport chain (If any)? B. How much ATP is made from oxidative phosphorylation (OP), if any? Feed the NADH and FADH2 into the electron transport chain: 3ATP/NADH, 2ATP/FADH2 C. How much ATP is made by substrate level phosphorylation (SLP)? D. How much total ATP is made? Add the SLP and OP together. 1. Aerobic respiration using 0.5 mole of glucose? NADH FADH2 OP ATP SLP ATP Total ATP Show your work using dimensional analysis here:arrow_forwardAerobic respiration of one lipid molecule. The lipid is composed of one glycerol molecule connected to two fatty acid tails. One fatty acid is 12 carbons long and the other fatty acid is 18 carbons long in the figure below. Use the information below to determine how much ATP will be produced from the glycerol part of the lipid. Then, in part B, determine how much ATP is produced from the 2 fatty acids of the lipid. Finally put the NADH and ATP yields together from the glycerol and fatty acids (part A and B) to determine your total number of ATP produced per lipid. Assume no other carbon source is available. 18 carbons fatty acids 12 carbons glycerol . Glycerol is broken down to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, a glycolysis intermediate via the following pathway shown in the figure below. Notice this process costs one ATP but generates one FADH2. Continue generating ATP with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate using the standard pathway and aerobic respiration. glycerol glycerol-3- phosphate…arrow_forwardDon't copy the other answerarrow_forward
- 4. Aerobic respiration of 5 mM acetate solution. Assume no other carbon source and that acetate is equivalent to acetyl-CoA. NADH FADH2 OP ATP SLP ATP Total ATP Show your work using dimensional analysis here: 5. Aerobic respiration of 2 mM alpha-ketoglutaric acid solution. Assume no other carbon source. NADH FADH2 OP ATP Show your work using dimensional analysis here: SLP ATP Total ATParrow_forwardBiology You’re going to analyze 5 ul of your PCR product(out of 50 ul) on the gel. How much of 6X DNAloading buffer (dye) are you going to mix with yourPCR product to make final 1X concentration ofloading buffer in the PCR product-loading buffermixture?arrow_forwardWrite the assignment on the title "GYMNOSPERMS" focus on the explanation of its important families, characters and reproduction.arrow_forward
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education





