Concept explainers
Throughout this Exercise Set, in computing standard divisors, standard quotas, and modified quotas, round to the nearest hundredth when necessary.
A small country is comprised of four states, A, B, C, and D. The population of each state, in thousands, is given in the following table. Use this information to solve Exercises 1-4.
State | A | B | C | D | Total |
Population (in thousands) | 138 | 266 | 534 | 662 | 1600 |
According to the country’s constitution, the congress will have 200 seats, divided among the four states according to their respective populations.
a. Find the standard divisor, in thousands. How many people are there for each seat in congress?
b. Find each state’s standard quota.
c. Find each state’s lower quota and upper quota.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 13 Solutions
Thinking Mathematically, Books a la Carte Plus MyLab Math -- Access Card Package (7th Edition)
- Refer to page 17 for a problem requiring solving a nonlinear algebraic equation using the bisection method. Instructions: Show iterative calculations for each step, ensuring convergence criteria are satisfied. Clearly outline all steps. Link [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qo Hazb9tC440AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forwardProblem: The probability density function of a random variable is given by the exponential distribution Find the probability that f(x) = {0.55e−0.55x 0 < x, O elsewhere} a. the time to observe a particle is more than 200 microseconds. b. the time to observe a particle is less than 10 microseconds.arrow_forwardThe OU process studied in the previous problem is a common model for interest rates. Another common model is the CIR model, which solves the SDE: dX₁ = (a = X₁) dt + σ √X+dWt, - under the condition Xoxo. We cannot solve this SDE explicitly. = (a) Use the Brownian trajectory simulated in part (a) of Problem 1, and the Euler scheme to simulate a trajectory of the CIR process. On a graph, represent both the trajectory of the OU process and the trajectory of the CIR process for the same Brownian path. (b) Repeat the simulation of the CIR process above M times (M large), for a large value of T, and use the result to estimate the long-term expectation and variance of the CIR process. How do they compare to the ones of the OU process? Numerical application: T = 10, N = 500, a = 0.04, x0 = 0.05, σ = 0.01, M = 1000. 1 (c) If you use larger values than above for the parameters, such as the ones in Problem 1, you may encounter errors when implementing the Euler scheme for CIR. Explain why.arrow_forward
- Refer to page 1 for a problem involving proving the distributive property of matrix multiplication. Instructions: Provide a detailed proof using matrix definitions and element-wise operations. Show all calculations clearly. Link [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS3IZ9qoHazb9tC440AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forwardRefer to page 30 for a problem requiring solving a nonhomogeneous differential equation using the method of undetermined coefficients. Instructions: Solve step-by-step, including the complementary and particular solutions. Clearly justify each step. Link [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS3IZ9qoHazb9tC440AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forwardRefer to page 5 for a problem requiring finding the critical points of a multivariable function. Instructions: Use partial derivatives and the second partial derivative test to classify the critical points. Provide detailed calculations. Link [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qo Hazb9tC440AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forward
- Refer to page 3 for a problem on evaluating limits involving indeterminate forms using L'Hôpital's rule. Instructions: Apply L'Hôpital's rule rigorously. Show all derivatives and justify the steps leading to the solution. Link [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qo Hazb9tC440AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forward3. Let {X} be an autoregressive process of order one, usually written as AR(1). (a) Write down an equation defining X₁ in terms of an autoregression coefficient a and a white noise process {} with variance σ². Explain what the phrase "{} is a white noise process with variance o?" means. (b) Derive expressions for the variance 70 and the autocorrelation function Pk, k 0,1,. of the {X} in terms of o2 and a. Use these expressions to suggest an estimate of a in terms of the sample autocor- relations {k}. (c) Suppose that only every second value of X is observed, resulting in a time series Y X2, t = 1, 2,.... Show that {Y} forms an AR(1) process. Find its autoregression coefficient, say d', and the variance of the underlying white noise process, in terms of a and o². (d) Given a time series data set X1, ..., X256 with sample mean = 9.23 and sample autocorrelations ₁ = -0.6, 2 = 0.36, 3 = -0.22, p = 0.13, 5 = -0.08, estimate the autoregression coefficients a and a' of {X} and {Y}.arrow_forward#8 (a) Find the equation of the tangent line to y = √x+3 at x=6 (b) Find the differential dy at y = √x +3 and evaluate it for x=6 and dx = 0.3arrow_forward
- Refer to page 96 for a problem involving the heat equation. Solve the PDE using the method of separation of variables. Derive the solution step-by-step, including the boundary conditions. Instructions: Stick to solving the heat equation. Show all intermediate steps, including separation of variables, solving for eigenvalues, and constructing the solution. Irrelevant explanations are not allowed. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forwardQ.2 Q.4 Determine ffx dA where R is upper half of the circle shown below. x²+y2=1 (1,0)arrow_forwardRefer to page 83 for a vector field problem requiring verification of conservative nature and finding a scalar potential function. Instructions: Focus strictly on verifying conditions for conservativeness and solving for the potential function. Show all work step-by-step. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forward