Concept explainers
To explain: The inheritance pattern for genes compacted in the DNA of mitochondrion and chloroplast.
Introduction: All eukaryotic organisms contain chromosomes, and the number of chromosomes varies in different organisms. In humans and several other species, diploid (2n) number of chromosomes is present. The diploid number of chromosomes indicates that each parent contributes equally to the offspring. Therefore for humans, the diploid and haploid number is 46 and 23, respectively. Of these, 22 pairs are perfectly similar in both females and males and are referred to as autosomes. The rest of the pair is referred to as sex chromosomes: XY in males and XX in females. Doubling of gene products (sex-linked) is ultimately prevented by dosage compensation
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Chapter 13 Solutions
BIOLOGY
- How is chloroplast DNA inherited?arrow_forwardHow is mitochondrial DNA inherited? Compare the inheritance pattern of a mitochondrial DNA to that of a nuclear DNA.arrow_forwardExplain the reason whether the genetic information from two sister chromatids is passed from a single parent or both the parents.arrow_forward
- a. Explain the difference between maternal inheritanceof organelle DNAs and maternal effect inheritance.b. How do the inheritance patterns of phenotypescaused by mitochondrial genes differ from thosecaused by maternal effect genes?arrow_forwardHuman cells normally have 46 chromosomes. For each of the following stages, state the number of chromosomes and the number of DNA molecules found in these chromosomes that are present in a human cell. a) Metaphase of mitosis Metaphase I of meiosis c) Telophase of mitosis (after cytokinesis)arrow_forward"Mutations that are inherited according to Mendelian rules affect nuclear genes; mutations whose inheritance violates Mendelian rules are likely to affect organelle genes." is true or false.arrow_forward
- 99% of mitochondria are inherited from the mother. Mitochondria are thus primarily passed on from mother to offspring. Draw a pedigree showing a pattern that suggests a mitochondrial gene mutation. Explain step by step.arrow_forwardAre mutations that arise during mitosis or meiosis the same? Explain in 15 sentences.arrow_forwardDescribe some of the key features of cytoplasmic inheritance. Why do traits that are inherited in this way have such a wide range of phenotypes?arrow_forward
- Discuss the structure and organization of the mitochondrial andchloroplast genomes. How large are they, how many genes do theycontain, and how many copies of the genome are found in eachorganelle?arrow_forwardexplain what this diagram is showingarrow_forwardDraw a single duplicated chromosome, labeling the chromatid(s) and centromerearrow_forward
- Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage LearningPrinciples Of Radiographic Imaging: An Art And A ...Health & NutritionISBN:9781337711067Author:Richard R. Carlton, Arlene M. Adler, Vesna BalacPublisher:Cengage LearningHuman Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
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