Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Question
Chapter 13.2, Problem 2CC
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The rate of mutation.
Introduction:
The genetic material is all the living organism is the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). The DNA sequences are unique to the organisms. The changes in the DNA sequence of an organism is referred to as a mutation. The mutagen is the substances capable of causing mutations in the cells.
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Mutagenesis is a technique in which genetic information of an organism is altered in a stable
manner resulting in a mutation. It may occur spontaneously in nature of as a result of
exposure to mutagens. It can also be achieved experimentally using optimized laboratory
procedures.
(i)
(ii)
What is site directed mutagenesis (SDM)?
Explain how SDM can assist in the integration of a His-tag at the end of your gene of
interest.
You are working with a newly discovered mutagen, and you wish to determine the base change that it introduces into DNA. Thus far, you have determined that the mutagen chemically alters a single base in such a way that its base-pairing properties are altered permanently. To determine the specificity of the alteration, you examine the amino acid changes that take place after mutagenesis. A sample of what you find is shown here:Original: Gln–His–Ile–Glu–LysMutant: Gln–His–Met–Glu–LysOriginal: Ala–Val–Asn–ArgMutant: Ala–Val–Ser–ArgOriginal: Arg–Ser–LeuMutant: Arg–Ser–Leu–Trp–Lys–Thr–Phe
Briefly explain the frameshift mutation ?
Chapter 13 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 13.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 13.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 13.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 13.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 13.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 13.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 13.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 13.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 13.3 - Prob. 1TYK
Ch. 13.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 13.4 - Prob. 1BCCh. 13.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 13.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 13.4 - Prob. 4CCCh. 13.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 13.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 13 - A mutation removes a single base pair within the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 2TYCh. 13 - Prob. 3TYCh. 13 - Prob. 4TYCh. 13 - Prob. 5TYCh. 13 - Prob. 6TYCh. 13 - Prob. 7TYCh. 13 - Prob. 8TYCh. 13 - Prob. 9TYCh. 13 - Prob. 10TYCh. 13 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 13 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 13 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 13 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 13 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- A chemist synthesizes four new chemical compounds in the laboratory and names them PFI1, PFI2, PFI3, and PFI4. He gives the PFI compounds to a geneticist friend and asks her to determine their mutagenic potential. The geneticist finds that all four are highly mutagenic. She also tests the capacity of mutations produced by the PFI compounds to be reversed by other known mutagens and obtains the following results. What conclusions can you make about the nature of the mutations produced by these compounds? Reversed by Mutations, Nitrous, Aminopurine acid Acridine orange 2- produced by Hydroxylamine PFI1 Yes Yes Some No PFI2 No No No No PFI3 Yes Yes No No PFI4 No No No Yesarrow_forwardA chemist synthesizes four new chemical compounds in the laboratory and names them PFI1, PFI2, PFI3, and PFI4. He gives the PFI compounds to a geneticist friend and asks her to determine their mutagenic potential. The geneticist finds that all four are highly mutagenic. She also tests the capacity of mutations produced by the PFI compounds to be reversed by other known mutagens and obtains the following results. What conclusions can you make about the nature of the mutations produced by these compounds? Reversed by Mutations produced by 2- Aminopurine Nitrous acid Hydroxylamine Acridine orange PFI1 Yes Yes Some No PFI2 No No No No PFI3 Yes Yes No No PFI4 No No No Yesarrow_forwardYou are studying the tryptophan synthetase gene that Yanofsky also examined to determine the relationship between the nucleotide sequence and the amino acid sequence of the gene. Yanofsky found a large number of mutations that affected the tryptophan synthetase gene. A) If you took this mutant E. Coli line (that has an Arginine at this location) and exposed it to a mutagen that could potentially change bases, what are the second mutations you would most likely discover that would restore the activity of the tryptophan synthetase gene and where would it be located? B) Most of the mutations that Yanofsky recovered were missense mutations. However, Yanofsky also recovered a nonsense mutation that changed amino acid number 15 into a stop codon. This codon normally encodes Lysine. Does the recovery of this mutation support the hypothesis that this Lysine residue is critical in the function of the tryptophan synthetase protein?arrow_forward
- "The molecule serving as the genetic material is expected to absorb at the wavelengths shown to be mutagenic." Explain this statement ?arrow_forwardHow does a mutagen induce mutation ?explain with examples?arrow_forwardYou are interested in studying resistance to heavy metals and have selected the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisea to conduct your studies. You have recovered a deletion mutant that does not tolerate high concentrations of zinc (grows poorly in zinc containing media ) and have designated the mutant pgz-1 (for poor growth in zinc ). (a) What is the advantage to the type of mutant used in this work? What class of mutagen was likely use to generate pgz-1? ( b) Do you expect the PGZ gene to be expressed in your mutant? Explain.arrow_forward
- Can someone tell me why the answer is that the spill contained transition inducing mutagens?arrow_forwardTwo types of mutations discussed in this chapter are 1) nucleotide changes and 2) unstable genome regions that undergo dynamic changes. Describe each type of mutation.arrow_forwardWhat detection method could be used to determine the Mutation at a palindromic site and what results could be achieved from that?arrow_forward
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