Chapter 13, Problem 9E

(a)

To determine

Balance and complete the given acid-base reaction: ${\text{HNO}}_{\text{3}}+\text{KOH}\to$

Answer to Problem 9E

The balanced acid-base reaction is written as,

${\text{HNO}}_{\text{3}}+\text{KOH}\to {\text{KNO}}_{\text{3}}+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

Explanation of Solution

Given info: The given reaction is a type of acid-base reaction.

Explanation:

The reaction between acid and base gives water and salt is called acid-base reaction. The reaction between acid and a carbonate or hydrogen carbonate to give salt, water and carbon dioxide is called acid-carbonate reaction.

The given reaction is a type of acid-base reaction. The reaction is written as,

${\text{HNO}}_{\text{3}}+\text{KOH}\to {\text{KNO}}_{\text{3}}+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

The above chemical reaction is balanced.

Conclusion:

Therefore, the balanced acid-base reaction is written as,

${\text{HNO}}_{\text{3}}+\text{KOH}\to {\text{KNO}}_{\text{3}}+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

(b)

To determine

Balance and complete the given acid-carbonate reaction:

${\text{HC}}_2{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}+{\text{K}}_2{\text{CO}}_{\text{3}}\to$

Answer to Problem 9E

The balanced acid-carbonate reaction is written as,

${\text{2HC}}_2{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}+{\text{K}}_2{\text{CO}}_{\text{3}}\to {\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}+{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}+2{\text{KC}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$

Explanation of Solution

Given info: The given reaction is a type of acid-carbonate reaction.

Explanation:

The reaction between acid and base gives water and salt is called acid-base reaction. The reaction between acid and a carbonate or hydrogen carbonate to give salt, water and carbon dioxide is called acid-carbonate reaction.

The given reaction is a type of acid-carbonate reaction. The reaction is written as,

${\text{HC}}_2{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}+{\text{K}}_2{\text{CO}}_{\text{3}}\to {\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}+{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}+{\text{KC}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$

In the above reaction, there are two potassium atoms on the reactant side and one potassium atom on the product side. Therefore, multiply ${\text{KC}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ with $2$. The chemical reaction is written as,

${\text{HC}}_2{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}+{\text{K}}_2{\text{CO}}_{\text{3}}\to {\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}+{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}+2{\text{KC}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$

In the above reaction, there are three carbon atoms and four hydrogen atoms on reactant side. There are five carbon atoms and eight hydrogen atoms on product side. Therefore, multiply ${\text{HC}}_2{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ with $2$. Therefore, the balanced acid-carbonate reaction is written as,

${\text{2HC}}_2{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}+{\text{K}}_2{\text{CO}}_{\text{3}}\to {\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}+{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}+2{\text{KC}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$

Conclusion:

Therefore, the balanced acid-carbonate reaction is written as,

${\text{2HC}}_2{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}+{\text{K}}_2{\text{CO}}_{\text{3}}\to {\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}+{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}+2{\text{KC}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$

(c)

To determine

Balance and complete the given acid-base reaction: ${\text{H}}_3{\text{PO}}_4+\text{NaOH}\to$

Answer to Problem 9E

The balanced acid-base reaction is written as,

${\text{H}}_3{\text{PO}}_4+3\text{NaOH}\to 3{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}+{\text{Na}}_{\text{3}}{\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}$

Explanation of Solution

Given info: The given reaction is a type of acid-base reaction.

Explanation:

The reaction between acid and base gives water and salt is called acid-base reaction. The reaction between acid and a carbonate or hydrogen carbonate to give salt, water and carbon dioxide is called acid-carbonate reaction.

The given reaction is a type of acid-base reaction. The reaction is written as,

${\text{H}}_3{\text{PO}}_4+\text{NaOH}\to {\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}+{\text{Na}}_{\text{3}}{\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}$

In the above reaction, there are three sodium atoms on the product side and one sodium atom on the reactant side. Therefore, multiply $\text{NaOH}$ with $3$. The chemical equation is written as,

${\text{H}}_3{\text{PO}}_4+3\text{NaOH}\to {\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}+{\text{Na}}_{\text{3}}{\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}$

In the above reaction, there are six hydrogen atoms and seven oxygen atoms on the reactant side. There are two hydrogen atoms and five oxygen atoms on the product side. Therefore, multiply ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ with $3$. The balanced acid-base reaction is written as,

${\text{H}}_3{\text{PO}}_4+3\text{NaOH}\to 3{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}+{\text{Na}}_{\text{3}}{\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}$

Conclusion:

Therefore, the balanced acid-base reaction is written as,

${\text{H}}_3{\text{PO}}_4+3\text{NaOH}\to 3{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}+{\text{Na}}_{\text{3}}{\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}$

(d)

To determine

Balance and complete the given acid-carbonate reaction:

${\text{H}}_2{\text{SO}}_4+{\text{CaCO}}_{\text{3}}\to$

Answer to Problem 9E

The balanced acid-carbonate reaction is written as,

${\text{H}}_2{\text{SO}}_4+{\text{CaCO}}_{\text{3}}\to {\text{CaSO}}_4+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}+{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$

Explanation of Solution

Given info: The given reaction is a type of acid-carbonate reaction.

Explanation:

The reaction between acid and base gives water and salt is called acid-base reaction. The reaction between acid and a carbonate or hydrogen carbonate to give salt, water and carbon dioxide is called acid-carbonate reaction.

The given reaction is a type of acid-carbonate reaction. The reaction is written as,

${\text{H}}_2{\text{SO}}_4+{\text{CaCO}}_{\text{3}}\to {\text{CaSO}}_4+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}+{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$

The above chemical reaction is balanced.

Conclusion:

Therefore, the balanced acid-carbonate reaction is written as,

${\text{H}}_2{\text{SO}}_4+{\text{CaCO}}_{\text{3}}\to {\text{CaSO}}_4+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}+{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$