Chapter 13, Problem 8BP

a.

To determine

Prepare a worksheet for statement of cash flows.

Explanation of Solution

Spreadsheet: A spreadsheet is a worksheet. It is used while preparing a financial statement. It is a type of form having multiple columns and it is used in the adjustment process. The use of a worksheet is optional for any organization. A worksheet can neither be considered as a journal nor a part of the general ledger.

 

Table (1)

b.

To determine

Prepare a formal statement of cash flows for 2018.

Explanation of Solution

Statement of cash flows: Statement of cash flows reports all the cash transactions which are responsible for inflow and outflow of cash and result of these transactions is reported as ending balance of cash at the end of reported period. Statement of cash flows includes the changes in cash balance due to operating, investing, and financing activities.

Indirect method: Indirect method uses the accrual basis of accounting, where the Net Income is adjusted to determine the net cash provided from operating activities.

Cash flows from operating activities: Operating activities refer to the normal activities of a company to carry out the business.

The below table shows the way of calculation of cash flows from operating activities:

Cash flows from operating activities (Indirect method)

Add: Decrease in current assets

Increase in current liability

Depreciation expense and amortization expense

Loss on sale of plant assets

Deduct: Increase in current assets

Decrease in current liabilities

Gain on sale of plant assets

Net cash provided from or used by operating activities

Table (2)

Cash flows from investing activities: Cash provided by or used in investing activities is a section of statement of cash flows. It includes the purchase or sale of equipment or land, or marketable securities, which is used for business operations.

Cash flows from investing activities

Add: Proceeds from sale of fixed assets

Sale of marketable securities / investments

Deduct: Purchase of fixed assets/long-lived assets

Purchase of marketable securities

Net cash provided from or used by investing activities

Table (3)

Cash flows from financing activities: Cash provided by or used in financing activities is a section of statement of cash flows. It includes raising cash from long-term debt or payment of long-term debt, which is used for business operations.

Cash flows from financing activities

Add: Issuance of common stock

Proceeds from borrowings

Proceeds from sale of treasury stock

Proceeds from issuance of debt

Deduct: Payment of dividend

Repayment of debt

Interest paid

Redemption of debt

Purchase of treasury stock

Net cash provided from or used by financing activities

Table (4)

Non-Cash Transactions:

The transaction, which does not involve any cash dealings, is known as non-cash transactions. In these type transactions there will not be any inflow or outflow of cash. Simply put, the transaction, which does not have an impact on the inflow or outflow of cash, is called as non-cash transactions.

Examples of significant non-cash transactions are stated below:

• Issue of common stock to retire long-term debt.
• Purchase of machinery by issuing notes payable.
• Issuance of common stock for purchase of land.

P Incorporation
Statement of Cash Flows - Indirect Method (Partial)
For the Year Ended December 31, 2018
Details	Amount ($)	Amount ($)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss		(34,000)
Adjustment to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation expense	29,000
Decrease in accounts receivable	5,000
Increase in inventory	(8,000)
Decrease in accrued expenses	(2,000)
Increase in accounts payable	20,000
Loss on sales of marketable securities	4,000	48,000
Net cash provided by operating activities		14,000
Cash flows from investing activities:
Cash paid to acquire plant assets	(8,000)
Proceeds from sales of marketable securities	11,000
Net cash provided by investing activities		3,000
Cash flows from financing activities:
Dividend paid	(4,000)
Payment of note payable	(10,000)
Issuance of capital stock	35,000
Net cash provided by financing activities		21,000
Net increase (decrease) in Cash		38,000
Cash and cash equivalents, January 1, 2018		22,000
Cash and cash equivalents, December 31, 2018		$60,000
Schedule of Noncash Investing and Financing Activities
Purchase of plant assets		$20,000
Less: Portion financed by issuing long-term debt		12,000
Cash paid to acquire plant assets		$8,000

Table (5)

Working note:

Prepare a schedule of changes of current assets and liabilities.

Schedule in the change of current assets and liabilities
Details	Amount ($)			Impact
	End of the year	Beginning year	Increase/ (Decrease)
Accounts receivable	35,000	40,000	(5,000)	Add
Accounts payable	70,000	50,000	20,000	Add
Accrued operating expenses payable	14,000	16,000	(2,000)	Deduct
Increase in inventory	128,000	120,000	8,000	Deduct

Table (6)

c.

To determine

Explain how P incorporation achieved positive cash flows from operating activities.

Explanation of Solution

• The primary reason is P incorporation has involved in liquidating its assets and not paying its debt or bills.
• Most of the accounts receivable are converted into cash. Thus, it helps to reduce the credit sales.
• If the sales are decreased then it reports in the income statement immediately. However, this may take months before its effects (decrease in sales) appear in a statement of cash flows. Therefore, P incorporation achieved positive cash flows from operating activities.

d.

To determine

Explain whether the company’s financial position improving or deteriorating.

Explanation of Solution

• P incorporation has more cash balance but the financial condition of the company is declining.
• The marketable security of this company is considered as a highly liquid asset and that is almost gone.
• Increase in accounts payable substantially exceeds the amount of cash in hand.
• Moreover, sales and accounts receivable balance are declining which indicates that the company has an ability to generate cash from operating activities in future. In addition decline in sales affects the liquidity of the company’s inventory.

e.

To determine

Explain whether the operation of P Company growing or contracting.

Explanation of Solution

• P incorporation is collapsing in terms of its operations because, the investment made in marketable securities, receivables and plant assets are declining.
• In the income statement shows that operations are affecting the owners’ equity in the business.
• Decrease in sales reduces the cash collected from customers. Therefore, this is the major factor which contributes to a positive cash flow from operating activities.

f.

To determine

Explain the management decision and the needed action.

Explanation of Solution

The first decision of the management is whether to attempt it or liquidate it because, the sales volume has declined and it will result in net loss over the period. Moreover, the operating cash flows also turn into negative.

If management has decided to liquidate it, then it should quit quickly because it may affects the future operating losses.