(a)
To find the reason for less marginal cost of firm 1.
(a)
Explanation of Solution
Firm 1 is an old firm which is operating from last 1 year in industry. It is operating at economies of scale. So, its marginal cost would be lower than the new firm.
(b)
To analyze current profit of two firms.
(b)
Explanation of Solution
Industry’s inverse
Market
The market
For firm 1:
Total revenue can be calculated as:
Total cost is the summation of variable cost and fixed cost. Fixed cost is $2 million. Variable cost can be calculated as:
Total cost is:
For firm 2,
Total revenue can be calculated as:
Total cost is the summation of variable cost and fixed cost. Fixed cost is $2 million. Variable cost can be calculated as:
Total cost is:
(c)
To analyze the effect of decrease in price by firm 1.
(c)
Explanation of Solution
When firm 1 decreases the price to $10, he captures whole market share.
Industry’s inverse demand function is given as:
For firm 1,
Price is charged $10. At equilibrium level of market, P = MC
The equilibrium quantity for firm 1 is 2 million.
Total revenue can be calculated as:
Total cost is the summation of variable cost and fixed cost. Fixed cost is $2 million. Variable cost can be calculated as:
Total cost is:
Firm 2:
Firm 2 loses its entire market share as it charges $15.
Total revenue can be calculated as:
Total cost is the summation of variable cost and fixed cost. Fixed cost is $2 million. Variable cost can be calculated as:
Total cost is:
Hence, firm 2 is incurring a loss of $2 million.
(d)
To analyze whether the firm 1 has incentive to raise price after the exit of firm 2 from the market.
(d)
Explanation of Solution
When the firm 2 exits the market, firm 1 is the sole producer. It has
(e)
To analyze whether the firm 1 is engaged in predatory pricing.
(e)
Explanation of Solution
Predatory pricing is the act of pricing products or services so low that other competitors are not able to compete and are forced to leave the market.
The marginal cost of firm 2 is $10. When the price was $15, both the firms were earning extra normal profits. When the firm 1 lowers its price to $10, the firm 2 can also lower its price in order to capture the equal market share. In this manner, its price would be equal to the MC. He would be on equilibrium.
Hence, the firm 1 has not done predatory pricing. Firm 2 can compete with firm 1 till $10 because the MC of firm 2 is $10.
When the firm 1 lowers the price below 10, then it would be called predatory pricing.
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Chapter 13 Solutions
EBK MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS & BUSINESS STR
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