Thinking Mathematically (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134683713
Author: Robert F. Blitzer
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Question
Chapter 1.3, Problem 49E
To determine
Bob’s major.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
review help please and thank you!
You recieve a case of fresh Michigan cherries that weighs 8.2 kg. You will be making cherry pies. Each pie will require 1 3/4 pounds of pitted cherries. How many pies can be made from the case if the yield percent for cherries is 87
(10 points) Let S be the surface that is part of the sphere x² + y²+z² = 4 lying below the plane
2√3 and above the plane z-v
-√3. Calculate the surface area of S.
Chapter 1 Solutions
Thinking Mathematically (7th Edition)
Ch. 1.1 - CHECK POINT 1 Find a counterexample to show that...Ch. 1.1 - CHECK POINT 2 Identify a pattern in each list of...Ch. 1.1 - CHECK POINT 3 Identify a pattern in each list of...Ch. 1.1 - CHECK POINT 4 Describe two patterns in this...Ch. 1.1 - CHECK POINT 5 Consider the following procedure:...Ch. 1.1 - The statement 3 + 3 = 6 serves as a/an ________ to...Ch. 1.1 - Arriving at a specific conclusion from one or more...Ch. 1.1 - Arriving at a general conclusion based on...Ch. 1.1 - True or False: A theorem cannot have...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 1-8, find a counterexample to show...
Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 1-8, find a counterexample to show...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 1-8, find a counterexample to show...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 1-8, find a counterexample to show...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 1-8, find a counterexample to show...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 1-8, find a counterexample to show...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 1-8, find a counterexample to show...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 1-8, find a counterexample to show...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 9-38, identify a pattern in each list...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 9-38, identify a pattern in each list...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 9-38, identify a pattern in each list...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 9-38, identify a pattern in each list...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 9-38, identify a pattern in each list...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 9-38, identify a pattern in each list...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 9-38, identify a pattern in each list...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 9-38, identify a pattern in each list...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 9-38, identify a pattern in each list...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 9-38, identify a pattern in each list...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 9-38, identify a pattern in each list...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 9-38, identify a pattern in each list...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 9-38, identify a pattern in each list...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 9-38, identify a pattern in each list...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 9-38, identify a pattern in each list...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 9-38, identify a pattern in each list...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 9-38, identify a pattern in each list...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 9-38, identify a pattern in each list...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 9-38, identify a pattern in each list...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 9-38, identify a pattern in each list...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 9-38, identify a pattern in each list...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 9-38, identify a pattern in each list...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 9-38, Identify a pattern in each list...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 9-38, identify a pattern in each list...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 9-38, identify a pattern in each list...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 9-38, identify a pattern in each list...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 9-38, identify a pattern in each list...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 9-38, identify a pattern in each list...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 9-38, identify a pattern in each list...Ch. 1.1 - In Excises 9-38, identify a pattern in each list...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 39-42, identify a pattern in each...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 39-42, identify a pattern in each...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 39-42, identify a pattern in each...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 39-42, identify a pattern in each...Ch. 1.1 - Select a number. Multiply the number by 4. Add 8...Ch. 1.1 - Prob. 44ECh. 1.1 - Prob. 45ECh. 1.1 - Prob. 46ECh. 1.1 - In Exercises 47-52, use inductive reasoning to...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 47-52, use inductive reasoning to...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 47-52, use inductive reasoning to...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 47-52, use inductive reasoning to...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 47-52, use inductive reasoning to...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 47-52, use inductive reasoning to...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 53-54, use inductive reasoning to...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 53-54, use inductive reasoning to...Ch. 1.1 - Study the pattern in these examples: a 3 # a 4 = a...Ch. 1.1 - Study the pattern in these examples: a 5 * a 3 * a...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 57-60, identify the reasoning...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 57-60, identify the reasoning...Ch. 1.1 - Prob. 59ECh. 1.1 - In Exercises 57-60, identify the reasoning...Ch. 1.1 - The ancient Greeks studies figurate numbers, so...Ch. 1.1 - The triangular arrangement of numbers shown below...Ch. 1.1 - Writing about mathematics will help you to learn...Ch. 1.1 - Describe what is meant by deductive reasoning....Ch. 1.1 - Give an example of a decision that you made...Ch. 1.1 - Make Sense? In Exercises 66-69, determine whether...Ch. 1.1 - Make sense? In Exercises 66-69, determine whether...Ch. 1.1 - I used the data shown in the bar graph, which...Ch. 1.1 - I used the data shown in the bar graph for...Ch. 1.1 - If ( 6 − 2 ) 2 = 36 − 24 + 4 and ( 8 − 5 ) 2 = 64...Ch. 1.1 - 71. The rectangle shows an array of nine numbers...Ch. 1.1 - Write a list of numbers that has two patterns so...Ch. 1.1 - a. Repeat the following procedure with at least...Ch. 1.1 - a. Use a calculator to find 6 × 6 , 66 × 66 , 666...Ch. 1.1 - 75. a. Use a calculator to find , and .
b....Ch. 1.1 - Stereotyping refers to classifying people, places,...Ch. 1.2 - CHECK POINT 1 Round world population...Ch. 1.2 - CHECK POINT 2 Round 3.141592, the first seven...Ch. 1.2 - CHECK POINT 3 You and a friend ate lunch at Ye...Ch. 1.2 - CHECK POINT 4 A Landscape architect who works full...Ch. 1.2 -
Source Natural Home and Garden
CHECK POINT 5...Ch. 1.2 - CHECK POINT 6 Use the date for women in Figure 1.5...Ch. 1.2 - CHECK POINT 7 Use the line graph in Figure 1.7 at...Ch. 1.2 - CHECK POINT 8 The bar graph in Figure 1.9 on the...Ch. 1.2 - The process of arriving at an approximate answer...Ch. 1.2 - Fill in each blank so that the resulting statement...Ch. 1.2 - Fill in each blank so that the resulting statement...Ch. 1.2 - Fill in each blank so that resulting statement is...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 5CVCCh. 1.2 - Fill in each blank so that the resulting statement...Ch. 1.2 - The bar graph gives the populations of the ten...Ch. 1.2 - The bar graph gives the 2011 populations of the...Ch. 1.2 - In Exercises 3-8, use this approximation to round...Ch. 1.2 - In Exercises 3-8, use this approximation to round...Ch. 1.2 - In Exercises 3-8, use this approximation to round...Ch. 1.2 - In Exercises 3-8, use this approximation to round...Ch. 1.2 - In Exercises 3-8, use this approximation to round...Ch. 1.2 - In Exercises 3-8, use this approximation to round...Ch. 1.2 - In Exercises 9-34, because different rounding...Ch. 1.2 - In Exercises 9-34, because different rounding...Ch. 1.2 - In Exercises 9-34, because different rounding...Ch. 1.2 - In Exercises 9-34, because different rounding...Ch. 1.2 - In Exercises 9-34, because different rounding...Ch. 1.2 - In Exercises 9-34, because different rounding...Ch. 1.2 - In Exercises 9-34, because different rounding...Ch. 1.2 - In Exercises 9-34, because different rounding...Ch. 1.2 - In Exercises 9-34, because different rounding...Ch. 1.2 - In Exercises 9-34, because different rounding...Ch. 1.2 - In Exercises 9-34, because different rounding...Ch. 1.2 - In Exercises 9-34, because different rounding...Ch. 1.2 - In Exercises 9-34, because different rounding...Ch. 1.2 - In Exercises 9-34, because different rounding...Ch. 1.2 - In Exercises 23-34, determine each estimate...Ch. 1.2 - In Exercises 23-34, determine each estimate...Ch. 1.2 - In Exercises 23-34, determine each estimate...Ch. 1.2 - In Exercises 23-34, determine each estimate...Ch. 1.2 - In Exercises 23-34, determine each estimate...Ch. 1.2 - In Exercises 23-34, determine each estimate...Ch. 1.2 - In Exercises 23-34, determine each estimate...Ch. 1.2 - In Exercises 23-34, determine each estimate...Ch. 1.2 - In Exercises 23-34, determine each estimate...Ch. 1.2 - In Exercises 23-34, determine each estimate...Ch. 1.2 - In Exercises 23-34, determine each estimate...Ch. 1.2 - The average life expectancy in Mozambique is 40.3...Ch. 1.2 - In Exercises 35-36, obtain an estimate for each...Ch. 1.2 - In Exercises 35-36, obtain an estimate for each...Ch. 1.2 - Ten people ordered calculators. The least...Ch. 1.2 - Ten people ordered calculators. The least...Ch. 1.2 - Travelling at an average rate of between 60 and 70...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 40ECh. 1.2 - 41. Imagine that you counted 60 numbers per minute...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 42ECh. 1.2 - 43. Without using a calculator, estimate the...Ch. 1.2 - Without using a calculator, estimate the number of...Ch. 1.2 - An online test of English spelling looked at how...Ch. 1.2 - An online test of English spelling looked at how...Ch. 1.2 - The percentage of U.S. college freshmen claiming...Ch. 1.2 - The percentage of U.S. college freshmen claiming...Ch. 1.2 - With aging, body fat increases and muscle mass...Ch. 1.2 - With aging, body fat increases and muscle mass...Ch. 1.2 - There is a strong scientific consensus that human...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 52ECh. 1.2 - Prob. 53ECh. 1.2 - Prob. 54ECh. 1.2 - Explain how to round 14.26841 to the nearest...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 56ECh. 1.2 - 57. In this era of calculators and computers, why...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 58ECh. 1.2 - Prob. 59ECh. 1.2 - Prob. 60ECh. 1.2 - Prob. 61ECh. 1.2 - College students are graduating with the highest...Ch. 1.2 - Explain how to use the estimate from Exercise 62...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 64ECh. 1.2 - 65. A forecaster at the National Hurricane Center...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 66ECh. 1.2 - Prob. 67ECh. 1.2 - Prob. 68ECh. 1.2 - Prob. 69ECh. 1.2 - Prob. 70ECh. 1.2 - In Exercises 71-74, match the story with the...Ch. 1.2 - In Exercises 71-74, match the story with the...Ch. 1.2 - In Exercises 71-74, match the story with the...Ch. 1.2 - In Exercises 71-74, match the story with the...Ch. 1.2 - 75. American children ages 2 to 17 spend 19 hours...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 76ECh. 1.2 - 77. Group members should devise an estimation...Ch. 1.2 - Group members should begin by consulting an...Ch. 1.3 - CHECK POINT 1 Which necessary piece of information...Ch. 1.3 - CHECK POINT 2 Solve the following problem. If the...Ch. 1.3 - CHECK POINT 3 By paying $350 cash up front and the...Ch. 1.3 - CHECK POINT 4 Suppose you are an engineer...Ch. 1.3 - CHECK POINT 5 Your “lecture wardrobe” is rather...Ch. 1.3 - CHECK POINT 6 As in Example 6, a sales director...Ch. 1.3 - The first step in problem solving is to read the...Ch. 1.3 - 2. The second step in problem solving is to ____...Ch. 1.3 - True or False: Polya’s four steps in problem...Ch. 1.3 - True or False: When making a choice between...Ch. 1.3 - In Exercises 1-4, what necessary piece of...Ch. 1.3 - In Exercises 1-4, what necessary piece of...Ch. 1.3 - In Exercises 1-4, what necessary piece of...Ch. 1.3 - In Exercises 1-4, what necessary piece of...Ch. 1.3 - In Exercises 5-8, one more piece of information is...Ch. 1.3 - In Exercises 5-8, one more piece of information is...Ch. 1.3 - In Exercises 5-8, one more piece of information is...Ch. 1.3 - In Exercises 5-8, one more piece of information is...Ch. 1.3 - Use Polya’s four-step method in problem solving to...Ch. 1.3 - Use Polya’s four-step method in problem solving to...Ch. 1.3 - Use Polya’s four-step method in problem solving to...Ch. 1.3 - Use Polya’s four-step method in problem solving to...Ch. 1.3 - Use the following movie-rental options to solve...Ch. 1.3 - Use the following movie-rental options to solve...Ch. 1.3 - Acetaminophen is in many non-prescription...Ch. 1.3 - Acetaminophen is in many non-prescription...Ch. 1.3 - Use Polya’s four-step method in problem solving to...Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 18ECh. 1.3 - Use Polya’s four-step method in problem solving to...Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 20ECh. 1.3 - Use Polya’s four-step method in problem solving to...Ch. 1.3 - Use Polya’s four-step method in problem solving to...Ch. 1.3 - Use Polya’s four-step method in problem solving to...Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 24ECh. 1.3 - Use Polya’s four-step method in problem solving to...Ch. 1.3 - Use Polya’s four-step method in problem solving to...Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 27ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 28ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 29ECh. 1.3 - Use Polya’s four-step method in problem solving to...Ch. 1.3 - Use Polya’s four-step method in problem solving to...Ch. 1.3 - Use Polya’s four-step method in problem solving to...Ch. 1.3 - Use Polya’s four-step method in problem solving to...Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 34ECh. 1.3 - Use Polya’s four-step method in problem solving to...Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 36ECh. 1.3 - Use Polya’s four-step method in problem solving to...Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 38ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 39ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 40ECh. 1.3 - Use Polya’s four-step method in problem solving to...Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 42ECh. 1.3 - Use Polya’s four-step method in problem solving to...Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 44ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 45ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 46ECh. 1.3 - The map shows five western states. Trace a route...Ch. 1.3 - The layout of a city with land masses and bridges...Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 49ECh. 1.3 - The figure represents a map of 13 countries. If...Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 51ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 52ECh. 1.3 - As in Sudoku, fill in the missing numbers in the...Ch. 1.3 - The missing numbers in the 4-by-4 array are...Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 55ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 56ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 57ECh. 1.3 - In Exercises 52-54, explain the plan needed to...Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 59ECh. 1.3 - Make Sense? In Exercises 56-59, determine whether...Ch. 1.3 - Make Sense? In Exercises 56-59, determine whether...Ch. 1.3 - Make Sense? In Exercises 56-59, determine whether...Ch. 1.3 - Make Sense? In Exercises 56-59, determine whether...Ch. 1.3 - 60. Gym lockers are to be numbered from 1 through...Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 65ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 66ECh. 1.3 - 63. One person tells the truth on Monday, Tuesday,...Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 68ECh. 1.3 - 65. As in Sudoku, fill in the missing numbers...Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 70ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 71ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 72ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 73ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 74ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 75ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 76ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 77ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 78ECh. 1.3 - Group members should describe a problem in need of...Ch. 1 - 1. Which reasoning process is shown in the...Ch. 1 - 2. Which reasoning process is shown in the...Ch. 1 - In Exercises 3-10, identify a pattern in each list...Ch. 1 - Prob. 4RECh. 1 - In Exercises 3-10, identify a pattern in each list...Ch. 1 - Prob. 6RECh. 1 - Prob. 7RECh. 1 - In Exercises 3-10, identify a pattern in each list...Ch. 1 - Prob. 9RECh. 1 - Prob. 10RECh. 1 - Identify a pattern in the following sequence of...Ch. 1 - In Exercises 12-13, use inductive reasoning to...Ch. 1 - Prob. 13RECh. 1 - Consider the following procedure: Select a number....Ch. 1 - Prob. 15RECh. 1 - Prob. 16RECh. 1 - In Exercises 17-20, obtain an estimate for each...Ch. 1 - In Exercises 17-20, obtain an estimate for each...Ch. 1 - Prob. 19RECh. 1 - Prob. 20RECh. 1 - In Exercises 21-24, determine each estimate...Ch. 1 - Prob. 22RECh. 1 - In Exercises 21-24, determine each estimate...Ch. 1 - In Exercises 21-24, determine each estimate...Ch. 1 - A small private school employs 10 teachers with...Ch. 1 - Prob. 26RECh. 1 - Prob. 27RECh. 1 - 28. The bar graph shows the percentage of people...Ch. 1 - Prob. 29RECh. 1 - The bar graph shows the population of the Unites...Ch. 1 - Prob. 31RECh. 1 - Prob. 32RECh. 1 - Use the four-step method in problem solving to...Ch. 1 - Prob. 34RECh. 1 - Use the four-step method in problem solving to...Ch. 1 - Prob. 36RECh. 1 - Prob. 37RECh. 1 - Use the four-step method in problem solving to...Ch. 1 - Use the four-step method in problem solving to...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1TCh. 1 - Prob. 2TCh. 1 - Prob. 3TCh. 1 - In Exercises 3-6, find the next number,...Ch. 1 - In Exercises 3-6, find the next number,...Ch. 1 - Prob. 6TCh. 1 - Prob. 7TCh. 1 - 8. Round 3,279,425 to the nearest hundred...Ch. 1 - Prob. 9TCh. 1 - Prob. 10TCh. 1 - Prob. 11TCh. 1 - Prob. 12TCh. 1 - Prob. 13TCh. 1 - Prob. 14TCh. 1 - Prob. 15TCh. 1 - Prob. 16TCh. 1 - 17. The cost of renting a boat from Estes Rental...Ch. 1 - Prob. 18TCh. 1 - Prob. 19TCh. 1 - Prob. 20T
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, subject and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- (8 points) Let D = {(x, y) | 0 ≤ x² + y² ≤4}. Calculate == (x² + y²)³/2dA by making a change of variables to polar coordinates, i.e. x=rcos 0, y = r sin 0.arrow_forwardx² - y² (10 points) Let f(x,y): = (a) (6 points) For each vector u = (1, 2), calculate the directional derivative Duƒ(1,1). (b) (4 points) Determine all unit vectors u for which Duf(1, 1) = 0.arrow_forwardConsider the hypothesis test Ho: 0 s² = = 4.5; s² = 2.3. Use a = 0.01. = σ against H₁: 6 > σ2. Suppose that the sample sizes are n₁ = 20 and 2 = 8, and that (a) Test the hypothesis. Round your answers to two decimal places (e.g. 98.76). The test statistic is fo = 1.96 The critical value is f = 6.18 Conclusion: fail to reject the null hypothesis at a = 0.01. (b) Construct the confidence interval on 02/2/622 which can be used to test the hypothesis: (Round your answer to two decimal places (e.g. 98.76).) 035arrow_forward
- Q/ show that the system: x = Y + x(x² + y²) y° = =x+y (x² + y²) 9 X=-x(x²+ y²) 9 X Y° = x - y (x² + y²) have the same lin car part at (0,0) but they are topologically different. Give the reason.arrow_forwardQ/ Find the region where ODES has no limit cycle: -X = X + X3 y=x+y+y'arrow_forwardB:Show that the function 4H(x,y)= (x² + y2)2-2((x² + y²) is a first integral of ODES: x=y + y(x² + y²) y=x+x (x² + y²) and sketch the stability of critical points and draw the phase portrait of system.arrow_forward
- Solve: X + sin X = 0 by the false positionining numerical methodarrow_forwardQ3)A: Given H(x,y)= x²-x4 + y² as a first integral of an ODEs, find this ODES corresponding to H(x,y) and show the phase portrait by using Hartman theorem and by drawing graph of H(x,y)=c. Discuss the stability of critical points of the corresponding ODEs.arrow_forwardSolve the given differential equation by using an appropriate substitution. The DE is homogeneous. y-x dy dx = y + xarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
College Algebra (MindTap Course List)AlgebraISBN:9781305652231Author:R. David Gustafson, Jeff HughesPublisher:Cengage Learning
Algebra: Structure And Method, Book 1AlgebraISBN:9780395977224Author:Richard G. Brown, Mary P. Dolciani, Robert H. Sorgenfrey, William L. ColePublisher:McDougal Littell
Algebra and Trigonometry (MindTap Course List)AlgebraISBN:9781305071742Author:James Stewart, Lothar Redlin, Saleem WatsonPublisher:Cengage Learning
College AlgebraAlgebraISBN:9781305115545Author:James Stewart, Lothar Redlin, Saleem WatsonPublisher:Cengage Learning
Algebra & Trigonometry with Analytic GeometryAlgebraISBN:9781133382119Author:SwokowskiPublisher:Cengage
College Algebra (MindTap Course List)
Algebra
ISBN:9781305652231
Author:R. David Gustafson, Jeff Hughes
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Algebra: Structure And Method, Book 1
Algebra
ISBN:9780395977224
Author:Richard G. Brown, Mary P. Dolciani, Robert H. Sorgenfrey, William L. Cole
Publisher:McDougal Littell
Algebra and Trigonometry (MindTap Course List)
Algebra
ISBN:9781305071742
Author:James Stewart, Lothar Redlin, Saleem Watson
Publisher:Cengage Learning
College Algebra
Algebra
ISBN:9781305115545
Author:James Stewart, Lothar Redlin, Saleem Watson
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Algebra & Trigonometry with Analytic Geometry
Algebra
ISBN:9781133382119
Author:Swokowski
Publisher:Cengage
Use of ALGEBRA in REAL LIFE; Author: Fast and Easy Maths !;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_PbWFpvkDc;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Compound Interest Formula Explained, Investment, Monthly & Continuously, Word Problems, Algebra; Author: The Organic Chemistry Tutor;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P182Abv3fOk;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Applications of Algebra (Digit, Age, Work, Clock, Mixture and Rate Problems); Author: EngineerProf PH;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y8aJ_wYCS2g;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY