For each of the following types of chromosomal aberrations, tell: (i) whether the chromosomes of an organism heterozygous for the aberration will form any type of loop during prophase I of meiosis; (ii) whether a chromosomal bridge can be formed during anaphase I in a heterozygote, and if so, under what conditions; (iii) whether an acentric fragment can be formed during anaphase I in a heterozygote, and if so, under what conditions; (iv) whether the aberration can suppress meiotic recombination; and (v) whether the two chromosomal breaks responsible for the aberration occur on the same side or on opposite sides of a single centromere, or if the two breaks occur on different chromosomes. a. Reciprocal translocation b. Paracentric inversion c. Small tandem duplication d. Robertsonian translocation e. Pericentric Inversion f. Large deletion
For each of the following types of chromosomal aberrations, tell: (i) whether the chromosomes of an organism heterozygous for the aberration will form any type of loop during prophase I of meiosis; (ii) whether a chromosomal bridge can be formed during anaphase I in a heterozygote, and if so, under what conditions; (iii) whether an acentric fragment can be formed during anaphase I in a heterozygote, and if so, under what conditions; (iv) whether the aberration can suppress meiotic recombination; and (v) whether the two chromosomal breaks responsible for the aberration occur on the same side or on opposite sides of a single centromere, or if the two breaks occur on different chromosomes. a. Reciprocal translocation b. Paracentric inversion c. Small tandem duplication d. Robertsonian translocation e. Pericentric Inversion f. Large deletion
For each of the following types of chromosomal aberrations, tell: (i) whether the chromosomes of an organism heterozygous for the aberration will form any type of loop during prophase I of meiosis; (ii) whether a chromosomal bridge can be formed during anaphase I in a heterozygote, and if so, under what conditions; (iii) whether an acentric fragment can be formed during anaphase I in a heterozygote, and if so, under what conditions; (iv) whether the aberration can suppress meiotic recombination; and (v) whether the two chromosomal breaks responsible for the aberration occur on the same side or on opposite sides of a single centromere, or if the two breaks occur on different chromosomes.
4. This question focuses on entrainment.
a. What is entrainment?
b. What environmental cues are involved in entrainment, and which one is most influential?
c. Why is entrainment necessary?
d. Assuming that a flash of darkness is an effective zeitgeber, what impact on circadian
rhythms would you expect to result from an event such as the 2024 solar eclipse (assume
it was viewed from Carbondale IL, where totality occurred at about 2 pm)? Explain your
reasoning. You may wish to consult this phase response diagram.
Phase Shift (Hours)
Delay Zone
Advance Zone
Dawn
Mid-day
Dusk
Night
Dawn
Time of Light Stimulus
e. Finally, give a real-world example of how knowledge of circadian rhythms and
entrainment has implications for human health and wellbeing or conservation biology.
This example could be from your reading or from things discussed in class.
Generate one question that requires a Punnet Squre to solve the question. Then show how you calculate the possibilities of genotype and phenotype
Briefly state the physical meaning of the electrocapillary equation (Lippman equation).
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