Chapter 13, Problem 3EFA

To determine

The amount of carbon dioxide (in kilograms and pounds) that would be released by each type of car given in the table provided in the textbook by assuming that gasoline releases 19 pounds per gallon and 2.3 kilograms of carbon dioxide.

Answer to Problem 3EFA

The amount of released carbon dioxide (in kilograms and gallons) by each type of cars is described below:

(i) Chevrolet All-Electric Volt is 878.83 kilograms and 1915.96 pounds.

(ii) Nissan All-Electric Leaf is 917.47 kilograms and 1999 pounds.

(iii) Toyota Prius Prime Plug-in Hybrid is 1803.6 kilograms and 3930 pounds.

(iv) Toyota Prius-Hybrid is 2092 kilograms and 4560 pounds.

(v) Chevrolet Cruze is 3487 kilograms and 7600 pounds.

(vi) Honda Accord is 4183.7 kilograms and 9120 pounds.

(vii) Jeep Patriot 4WD is 4757.5 kilograms and 10355 pounds.

(viii) Ford F150 Pickup is 6979.3 kilograms and 15200 pounds.

(ix) Chevrolet Camaro 8 cyl is 7472.7 kilograms and 16283 pounds.

(x) Ferrari F12 is 8068.4 kilograms or 17537 pounds.

Explanation of Solution

(i) The amount of carbon dioxide released (in kilograms and gallons) by Chevrolet All-Electric Volt:

The given information is described as follows:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{1}\text{mile}\text{=}\text{1}\text{.6}\text{kilometers}\\ \text{1}\text{liter}\text{=}\text{0}\text{.265}\text{gallon}\\ \text{Therefore,}\text{1}\text{gallon}\text{=}\text{3}\text{.77}\text{liters}\end{array}$

Chevrolet gives 119 miles per gallon, so value in kilometers per liter can be calculated as:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{119}\text{×}\text{1}\text{.6}\text{=}\text{190}\text{.4}\text{kilometers}\\ \text{So,}\text{190}\text{.4}\text{km}\text{per}\text{gallon}\text{=}\raisebox{1ex}{$\text{190}\text{.4}\text{km}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$\text{3}\text{.77}\text{l}$}\right.\\ \text{=}\text{50}\text{.50}\text{km}\text{per}\text{liter}\text{.}\end{array}$

Therefore, the amount of gasoline in liters and gallons can be calculated as follows:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{In}\text{liters:}\\ \raisebox{1ex}{$\text{19300}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$\text{50}\text{.50}$}\right.\\ \text{=}\text{382}\text{.1}\text{liters}\end{array}$

$\begin{array}{c}\text{In}\text{gallons:}\\ \raisebox{1ex}{$\text{12000}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$\text{119}$}\right.\\ \text{=}\text{100}\text{.84}\text{gallons}.\end{array}$

One liter of gasoline releases 2.3 kg of carbon dioxide,

Therefore, carbon dioxide released by 382.1 liters of gasoline can be calculated as:

382.1 × 2.3 = 878.83 kilograms.

One gallon of gasoline releases 19 pounds,

Therefore, carbon dioxide released by 100.84 gallons can be calculated as:

100.84 × 19 = 1915.96 pounds.

(ii) The amount of carbon dioxide released in kilograms and gallons by Nissan All-Electric Leaf:

The given information is described as follows:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{1}\text{mile}\text{=}\text{1}\text{.6}\text{kilometers}\\ \text{1}\text{liter}\text{=}\text{0}\text{.265}\text{gallon}\\ \text{Therefore,}\text{1}\text{gallon}\text{=}\text{3}\text{.77}\text{liters}\end{array}$

Nissan gives 114 miles per gallon, so value in kilometers per liter can be calculated as:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{114}\text{×}\text{1}\text{.6}\text{=}\text{182}\text{.4}\text{kilometers}\\ \text{So,}\text{182}\text{.4}\text{km}\text{per}\text{gallon}\text{=}\raisebox{1ex}{$\text{182}\text{.4}\text{km}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$\text{3}\text{.77}\text{l}$}\right.\\ \text{=}48.38\text{km}\text{per}\text{liter}\text{.}\end{array}$

Therefore, the amount of gasoline in liters and gallons can be calculated as follows:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{In}\text{liters:}\\ \raisebox{1ex}{$\text{19300}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$48.38$}\right.\\ \text{=}398.9\text{liters}\end{array}$

$\begin{array}{c}\text{In}\text{gallons:}\\ \raisebox{1ex}{$\text{12000}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$\text{114}$}\right.\\ \text{=}105.2\text{gallons}.\end{array}$

One liter of gasoline releases 2.3 kg of carbon dioxide,

Therefore, carbon dioxide released by 398.9 liters of gasoline can be calculated as:

398.9 × 2.3 = 917.47 kilograms.

One gallon of gasoline releases 19 pounds,

Therefore, carbon dioxide released by 105.2 gallons can be calculated as:

105.2 × 19 = 1999 pounds.

(iii) The amount of carbon dioxide released (in kilograms and gallons) by Toyota Prius Prime Plug-in Hybrid:

The given information is described as follows:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{1}\text{mile}\text{=}\text{1}\text{.6}\text{kilometers}\\ \text{1}\text{liter}\text{=}\text{0}\text{.265}\text{gallon}\\ \text{Therefore,}\text{1}\text{gallon}\text{=}\text{3}\text{.77}\text{liters}\end{array}$

Toyota Prius gives 58 miles per gallon, so value in kilometers per liter can be calculated as:

$\begin{array}{c}58\text{×}\text{1}\text{.6}\text{=}92.8\text{kilometers}\\ \text{So,}92.8\text{km}\text{per}\text{gallon}\text{=}\raisebox{1ex}{$92.8\text{km}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$\text{3}\text{.77}\text{l}$}\right.\\ \text{=}24.61\text{km}\text{per}\text{liter}\text{.}\end{array}$

Therefore, the amount of gasoline in liters and gallons can be calculated as follows:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{In}\text{liters:}\\ \raisebox{1ex}{$\text{19300}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$24.61$}\right.\\ \text{=}784.2\text{liters}\end{array}$

$\begin{array}{c}\text{In}\text{gallons:}\\ \raisebox{1ex}{$\text{12000}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$58$}\right.\\ \text{=}206.8\text{gallons}.\end{array}$

One liter of gasoline releases 2.3 kg of carbon dioxide,

Therefore, carbon dioxide released by 784.2 liters of gasoline can be calculated as:

784.2 × 2.3 = 1803.6 kilograms.

One gallon of gasoline releases 19 pounds,

Therefore, carbon dioxide released by 206.8 gallons can be calculated as:

206.8 × 19 = 3930 pounds.

(iv) The amount of carbon dioxide released (in kilograms and gallons) by Toyota Prius-Hybrid:

The given information is described as follows:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{1}\text{mile}\text{=}\text{1}\text{.6}\text{kilometers}\\ \text{1}\text{liter}\text{=}\text{0}\text{.265}\text{gallon}\\ \text{Therefore,}\text{1}\text{gallon}\text{=}\text{3}\text{.77}\text{liters}\end{array}$

Toyota Prius-Hybrid gives 50 miles per gallon, so value in kilometers per liter can be calculated as:

$\begin{array}{c}50\text{×}\text{1}\text{.6}\text{=}80\text{kilometers}\\ \text{So,}80\text{km}\text{per}\text{gallon}\text{=}\raisebox{1ex}{$80\text{km}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$\text{3}\text{.77}\text{l}$}\right.\\ \text{=}21.22\text{km}\text{per}\text{liter}\text{.}\end{array}$

Therefore, the amount of gasoline in liters and gallons can be calculated as follows:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{In}\text{liters:}\\ \raisebox{1ex}{$\text{19300}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$21.22$}\right.\\ \text{=}909.5\text{liters}\end{array}$

$\begin{array}{c}\text{In}\text{gallons:}\\ \raisebox{1ex}{$\text{12000}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$50$}\right.\\ \text{=}240\text{gallons}.\end{array}$

One liter of gasoline releases 2.3 kg of carbon dioxide,

Therefore, carbon dioxide released by 909.5 liters of gasoline can be calculated as:

909.5 × 2.3 = 2092 kilograms.

One gallon of gasoline releases 19 pounds,

Therefore, carbon dioxide released by 240 gallons can be calculated as:

240 × 19 = 4560 pounds.

(v) The amount of carbon dioxide released (in kilograms and gallons) by Chevrolet Cruze:

The given information is described as follows:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{1}\text{mile}\text{=}\text{1}\text{.6}\text{kilometers}\\ \text{1}\text{liter}\text{=}\text{0}\text{.265}\text{gallon}\\ \text{Therefore,}\text{1}\text{gallon}\text{=}\text{3}\text{.77}\text{liters}\end{array}$

Chevrolet Cruze gives 30 miles per gallon, so value in kilometers per liter can be calculated as:

$\begin{array}{c}30\text{×}\text{1}\text{.6}\text{=}48\text{kilometers}\\ \text{So,}48\text{km}\text{per}\text{gallon}\text{=}\raisebox{1ex}{$48\text{km}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$\text{3}\text{.77}\text{l}$}\right.\\ \text{=}12.73\text{km}\text{per}\text{liter}\text{.}\end{array}$

Therefore, the amount of gasoline in liters and gallons can be calculated as follows:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{In}\text{liters:}\\ \raisebox{1ex}{$\text{19300}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$12.73$}\right.\\ \text{=}1516.1\text{liters}\end{array}$

$\begin{array}{c}\text{In}\text{gallons:}\\ \raisebox{1ex}{$\text{12000}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$30$}\right.\\ \text{=}400\text{gallons}.\end{array}$

One liter of gasoline releases 2.3 kg of carbon dioxide,

Therefore, carbon dioxide released by 1516.1 liters of gasoline can be calculated as:

1516.1 × 2.3 = 3487 kilograms.

One gallon of gasoline releases 19 pounds,

Therefore, carbon dioxide released by 400 gallons can be calculated as:

400 × 19 = 7600 pounds.

(vi) The amount of carbon dioxide released (in kilograms and gallons) by Honda Accord:

The given information is described as follows:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{1}\text{mile}\text{=}\text{1}\text{.6}\text{kilometers}\\ \text{1}\text{liter}\text{=}\text{0}\text{.265}\text{gallon}\\ \text{Therefore,}\text{1}\text{gallon}\text{=}\text{3}\text{.77}\text{liters}\end{array}$

Honda Accord gives 25 miles per gallon, so value in kilometers per liter can be calculated as:

$\begin{array}{c}25\text{×}\text{1}\text{.6}\text{=}40\text{kilometers}\\ \text{So,}40\text{km}\text{per}\text{gallon}\text{=}\raisebox{1ex}{$40\text{km}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$\text{3}\text{.77}\text{l}$}\right.\\ \text{=}10.61\text{km}\text{per}\text{liter}\text{.}\end{array}$

Therefore, the amount of gasoline in liters and gallons can be calculated as follows:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{In}\text{liters:}\\ \raisebox{1ex}{$\text{19300}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$10.61$}\right.\\ \text{=}1819\text{liters}\end{array}$

$\begin{array}{c}\text{In}\text{gallons:}\\ \raisebox{1ex}{$\text{12000}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$25$}\right.\\ \text{=}480\text{gallons}.\end{array}$

One liter of gasoline releases 2.3 kg of carbon dioxide,

Therefore, carbon dioxide released by 1819 liters of gasoline can be calculated as:

1819 × 2.3 = 4183.7 kilograms.

One gallon of gasoline releases 19 pounds,

Therefore, carbon dioxide released by 480 gallons can be calculated as:

480 × 19 = 9120 pounds.

(vii) The amount of carbon dioxide released (in kilograms and gallons) by Jeep Patriot 4WD:

The given information is described as follows:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{1}\text{mile}\text{=}\text{1}\text{.6}\text{kilometers}\\ \text{1}\text{liter}\text{=}\text{0}\text{.265}\text{gallon}\\ \text{Therefore,}\text{1}\text{gallon}\text{=}\text{3}\text{.77}\text{liters}\end{array}$

Jeep Patriot gives 22 miles per gallon, so value in kilometers per liter can be calculated as:

$\begin{array}{c}22\text{×}\text{1}\text{.6}\text{=}35.2\text{kilometers}\\ \text{So,}35.2\text{km}\text{per}\text{gallon}\text{=}\raisebox{1ex}{$35.2\text{km}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$\text{3}\text{.77}\text{l}$}\right.\\ \text{=}9.33\text{km}\text{per}\text{liter}\text{.}\end{array}$

Therefore, the amount of gasoline in liters and gallons can be calculated as follows:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{In}\text{liters:}\\ \raisebox{1ex}{$\text{19300}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$9.33$}\right.\\ \text{=}2068.5\text{liters}\end{array}$

$\begin{array}{c}\text{In}\text{gallons:}\\ \raisebox{1ex}{$\text{12000}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$22$}\right.\\ \text{=}545\text{gallons}.\end{array}$

One liter of gasoline releases 2.3 kg of carbon dioxide,

Therefore, carbon dioxide released by 2068.5 liters of gasoline can be calculated as:

2068.5 × 2.3 = 4757.5 kilograms.

One gallon of gasoline releases 19 pounds,

Therefore, carbon dioxide released by 545 gallons can be calculated as:

545 × 19 = 10355 pounds.

(viii) The amount of carbon dioxide released (in kilograms and gallons) by Ford F150 Pickup:

The given information is described as follows:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{1}\text{mile}\text{=}\text{1}\text{.6}\text{kilometers}\\ \text{1}\text{liter}\text{=}\text{0}\text{.265}\text{gallon}\\ \text{Therefore,}\text{1}\text{gallon}\text{=}\text{3}\text{.77}\text{liters}\end{array}$

Ford gives 15 miles per gallon, so value in kilometers per liter can be calculated as:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{15}\text{×}\text{1}\text{.6}\text{=}24\text{kilometers}\\ \text{So,}24\text{km}\text{per}\text{gallon}\text{=}\raisebox{1ex}{$24\text{km}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$\text{3}\text{.77}\text{l}$}\right.\\ \text{=}6.36\text{km}\text{per}\text{liter}\text{.}\end{array}$

Therefore, the amount of gasoline in liters and gallons can be calculated as follows:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{In}\text{liters:}\\ \raisebox{1ex}{$\text{19300}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$6.36$}\right.\\ \text{=}3034.5\text{liters}\end{array}$

$\begin{array}{c}\text{In}\text{gallons:}\\ \raisebox{1ex}{$\text{12000}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$15$}\right.\\ \text{=}800\text{gallons}.\end{array}$

One liter of gasoline releases 2.3 kg of carbon dioxide,

Therefore, carbon dioxide released by 3034.5 liters of gasoline can be calculated as:

3034.5 × 2.3 = 6979.3 kilograms.

One gallon of gasoline releases 19 pounds,

Therefore, carbon dioxide released by 800 gallons can be calculated as:

800 × 19 = 15200 pounds.

(ix) The amount of carbon dioxide released (in kilograms and gallons) by Chevrolet Camaro 8 cyl:

The given information is described as follows:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{1}\text{mile}\text{=}\text{1}\text{.6}\text{kilometers}\\ \text{1}\text{liter}\text{=}\text{0}\text{.265}\text{gallon}\\ \text{Therefore,}\text{1}\text{gallon}\text{=}\text{3}\text{.77}\text{liters}\end{array}$

Chevrolet Camaro gives 14 miles per gallon, so value in kilometers per liter can be calculated as:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{14}\text{×}\text{1}\text{.6}\text{=}24\text{kilometers}\\ \text{So,}24\text{km}\text{per}\text{gallon}\text{=}\raisebox{1ex}{$24\text{km}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$\text{3}\text{.77}\text{l}$}\right.\\ \text{=}5.94\text{km}\text{per}\text{liter}\text{.}\end{array}$

Therefore, the amount of gasoline in liters and gallons can be calculated as follows:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{In}\text{liters:}\\ \raisebox{1ex}{$\text{19300}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$5.94$}\right.\\ \text{=}3249\text{liters}\end{array}$

$\begin{array}{c}\text{In}\text{gallons:}\\ \raisebox{1ex}{$\text{12000}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$14$}\right.\\ \text{=}857\text{gallons}.\end{array}$

One liter of gasoline releases 2.3 kg of carbon dioxide,

Therefore, carbon dioxide released by 3249 liters of gasoline can be calculated as:

3249 × 2.3 = 7472.7 kilograms.

One gallon of gasoline releases 19 pounds,

Therefore, carbon dioxide released by 857 gallons can be calculated as:

857 × 19 = 16823 pounds.

(x) The amount of carbon dioxide released (in kilograms and gallons) by Ferrari F12:

The given information is described as follows:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{1}\text{mile}\text{=}\text{1}\text{.6}\text{kilometers}\\ \text{1}\text{liter}\text{=}\text{0}\text{.265}\text{gallon}\\ \text{Therefore,}\text{1}\text{gallon}\text{=}\text{3}\text{.77}\text{liters}\end{array}$

Ferrari F12 gives 13 miles per gallon, so value in kilometers per liter can be calculated as:

$\begin{array}{c}13\text{×}\text{1}\text{.6}\text{=}20.8\text{kilometers}\\ \text{So,}20.8\text{km}\text{per}\text{gallon}\text{=}\raisebox{1ex}{$20.8\text{km}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$\text{3}\text{.77}\text{l}$}\right.\\ \text{=}5.5\text{km}\text{per}\text{liter}\text{.}\end{array}$

Therefore, the amount of gasoline in liters and gallons can be calculated as follows:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{In}\text{liters:}\\ \raisebox{1ex}{$\text{19300}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$5.5$}\right.\\ \text{=}3508\text{liters}\end{array}$

$\begin{array}{c}\text{In}\text{gallons:}\\ \raisebox{1ex}{$\text{12000}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$13$}\right.\\ \text{=}923\text{gallons}.\end{array}$

One liter of gasoline releases 2.3 kg of carbon dioxide,

Therefore, carbon dioxide released by 3508 liters of gasoline can be calculated as:

3508 × 2.3 = 8068.4 kilograms.

One gallon of gasoline releases 19 pounds,

Therefore, carbon dioxide released by 923 gallons can be calculated as:

923 × 19 = 17537 pounds.

Model	Miles per Gallon	Kilometers per liter	Annual liters (Gallons) of Gasoline	Annual carbon dioxide emission
Chevrolet All-Electric Volt	106	50.50	382.1 liters and 100.84 gallons.	878.83 kilograms and 1915.96 pounds.
Nissan All-Electric Leaf	112	48.38	398.9 liters and 105.2 gallons.	917.47 kilograms and 1999 pounds.
Toyota Prius Prime Plug-in-Hybrid	54	24.61	784.2 liters and 206.8 gallons.	1803.6 kilograms and 3930 pounds.
Toyota Prius-Hybrid	52	21.22	909.5 liters and 240 gallons.	2092 kilograms and 4560 pounds.
Chevrolet Cruze	34	12.73	1516.1 liters and 400 gallons.	3487 kilograms and 7600 pounds.
Honda Accord	29	10.61	1819 liters and 480 gallons.	4183.7 kilograms and 9120 pounds.
Jeep Patriot 4WD	24	9.33	2068.5 liters and 545 gallons.	4757.5 kilograms and 10355 pounds.
Ford F150 Pickup	22	6.36	3034.5 liters and 800 gallons.	6979.3 kilograms and 15200 pounds.
Chevrolet Camaro 8 cyl	20	5.94	3249 liters and 857 gallons.	7472.7 kilograms and 16823 pounds.
Ferrari F12	12	5.5	3508 liters and 923 gallons.	8068.4 kilograms and 17537 pounds.