Mathematics: A Discrete Introduction
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780840049421
Author: Edward A. Scheinerman
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 1.3, Problem 3.13E
a.
To determine
To find: The perfect number smaller than
b.
To determine
To find: The program for next perfect number after
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18. If m n compute the gcd (a² + 1, a² + 1) in terms of a. [Hint: Let A„ = a² + 1
and show that A„|(Am - 2) if m > n.]
For each real-valued nonprincipal character x mod k, let
A(n) = x(d) and F(x) = Σ
:
dn
* Prove that
F(x) = L(1,x) log x + O(1).
n
By considering appropriate series expansions,
e². e²²/2. e²³/3.
....
=
= 1 + x + x² + ·
...
when |x| < 1.
By expanding each individual exponential term on the left-hand side
the coefficient of x- 19 has the form
and multiplying out,
1/19!1/19+r/s,
where 19 does not divide s. Deduce that
18! 1 (mod 19).
Chapter 1 Solutions
Mathematics: A Discrete Introduction
Ch. 1.1 - Simplify the following algebraic expression:...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 2.1ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 3.1ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 3.2ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 3.3ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 3.4ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 3.5ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 3.6ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 3.7ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 3.8E
Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 3.9ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 3.10ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 3.11ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 3.12ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 3.13ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 3.14ECh. 1.4 - Prob. 4.1ECh. 1.4 - Prob. 4.2ECh. 1.4 - Prob. 4.3ECh. 1.4 - Prob. 4.4ECh. 1.4 - Prob. 4.5ECh. 1.4 - Prob. 4.6ECh. 1.4 - Prob. 4.7ECh. 1.4 - Prob. 4.8ECh. 1.4 - Prob. 4.9ECh. 1.4 - Prob. 4.10ECh. 1.4 - Prob. 4.11ECh. 1.4 - Prob. 4.12ECh. 1.5 - Prove that the sum of two odd integers is even.Ch. 1.5 - Prove that the sum of an odd integer and an even...Ch. 1.5 - Prove that if n is an odd integer, then n is also...Ch. 1.5 - Prove that the product of two even integers is...Ch. 1.5 - Prove that the product of an even integer and an...Ch. 1.5 - Prove that the product of two odd integers is odd.Ch. 1.5 - Prove that the square of an odd integer is odd.Ch. 1.5 - Prove that the cube of an odd integer is odd.Ch. 1.5 - Suppose a, b, and c are integers. Prove that if ab...Ch. 1.5 - Suppose a, b, and c are integers. Prove that if...Ch. 1.5 - Suppose a, b, d, x, and y are integers. Prove that...Ch. 1.5 - Suppose a, b, c, and d are integers. Prove that if...Ch. 1.5 - Let x be an integer. Prove that x is odd if and...Ch. 1.5 - Let x be an integers. Prove that x is odd if and...Ch. 1.5 - Let x be an integer. Prove that 0x if and only if...Ch. 1.5 - Let a and b be integers. Prove that ab if and only...Ch. 1.5 - Let a be a number with a1. Prove that a number x...Ch. 1.5 - Prove that the difference between consecutive...Ch. 1.5 - Let a be a perfect square. Prove that a is the...Ch. 1.5 - For real numbers a and b, prove that if 0ab, then...Ch. 1.5 - Prove that the difference between distinct,...Ch. 1.5 - Prove that an integer is odd if and only if it is...Ch. 1.5 - Suppose you are asked to prove a statement of the...Ch. 1.5 - Suppose you are asked to prove a statement of the...Ch. 1.6 - Disprove: If a and b are integers with ab, then...Ch. 1.6 - Disprove: If a and b are nonnegative integers with...Ch. 1.6 - Disprove: If a, b, and c are positive integers...Ch. 1.6 - Disprove: If a, b, and c are positive integers,...Ch. 1.6 - Disprove: If p and q are prime, then p+q is...Ch. 1.6 - Disprove: If p is prime, then 2p1 is also prime.Ch. 1.6 - Prob. 6.7ECh. 1.6 - An integer is a palindrome if it reads the same...Ch. 1.6 - Prob. 6.9ECh. 1.6 - Prob. 6.10ECh. 1.6 - Prob. 6.11ECh. 1.6 - Prob. 6.12ECh. 1.6 - Prob. 6.13ECh. 1.7 - Prob. 7.1ECh. 1.7 - Prob. 7.2ECh. 1.7 - Prob. 7.3ECh. 1.7 - Prob. 7.4ECh. 1.7 - Prob. 7.5ECh. 1.7 - Prob. 7.6ECh. 1.7 - Prob. 7.7ECh. 1.7 - Prob. 7.8ECh. 1.7 - Prob. 7.9ECh. 1.7 - Prob. 7.10ECh. 1.7 - Prob. 7.11ECh. 1.7 - Prob. 7.12ECh. 1.7 - Prob. 7.13ECh. 1.7 - Prob. 7.14ECh. 1.7 - Prob. 7.15ECh. 1.7 - Prob. 7.16ECh. 1.7 - Prob. 7.17ECh. 1.7 - Prob. 7.18ECh. 1.7 - Prove that xy can be reexpressed in terms of just ...Ch. 1.7 - Prob. 7.20ECh. 1 - Prob. 1STCh. 1 - Prob. 2STCh. 1 - Prob. 3STCh. 1 - Prob. 4STCh. 1 - Prob. 5STCh. 1 - Prob. 6STCh. 1 - Prob. 7STCh. 1 - Prob. 8STCh. 1 - Prob. 9STCh. 1 - Prob. 10STCh. 1 - Prob. 11STCh. 1 - Prob. 12STCh. 1 - Prob. 13STCh. 1 - Prob. 14STCh. 1 - Prob. 15STCh. 1 - Prob. 16STCh. 1 - Prob. 17STCh. 1 - Prob. 18STCh. 1 - Prob. 19STCh. 1 - Prob. 20ST
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- By considering appropriate series expansions, ex · ex²/2 . ¸²³/³ . . .. = = 1 + x + x² +…… when |x| < 1. By expanding each individual exponential term on the left-hand side and multiplying out, show that the coefficient of x 19 has the form 1/19!+1/19+r/s, where 19 does not divide s.arrow_forwardLet 1 1 r 1+ + + 2 3 + = 823 823s Without calculating the left-hand side, prove that r = s (mod 823³).arrow_forwardFor each real-valued nonprincipal character X mod 16, verify that L(1,x) 0.arrow_forward
- *Construct a table of values for all the nonprincipal Dirichlet characters mod 16. Verify from your table that Σ x(3)=0 and Χ mod 16 Σ χ(11) = 0. x mod 16arrow_forwardFor each real-valued nonprincipal character x mod 16, verify that A(225) > 1. (Recall that A(n) = Σx(d).) d\narrow_forward24. Prove the following multiplicative property of the gcd: a k b h (ah, bk) = (a, b)(h, k)| \(a, b)' (h, k) \(a, b)' (h, k) In particular this shows that (ah, bk) = (a, k)(b, h) whenever (a, b) = (h, k) = 1.arrow_forward
- 20. Let d = (826, 1890). Use the Euclidean algorithm to compute d, then express d as a linear combination of 826 and 1890.arrow_forwardLet 1 1+ + + + 2 3 1 r 823 823s Without calculating the left-hand side, Find one solution of the polynomial congruence 3x²+2x+100 = 0 (mod 343). Ts (mod 8233).arrow_forwardBy considering appropriate series expansions, prove that ez · e²²/2 . e²³/3 . ... = 1 + x + x² + · ·. when <1.arrow_forward
- Prove that Σ prime p≤x p=3 (mod 10) 1 Р = for some constant A. log log x + A+O 1 log x ,arrow_forwardLet Σ 1 and g(x) = Σ logp. f(x) = prime p≤x p=3 (mod 10) prime p≤x p=3 (mod 10) g(x) = f(x) logx - Ր _☑ t¯¹ƒ(t) dt. Assuming that f(x) ~ 1½π(x), prove that g(x) ~ 1x. 米 (You may assume the Prime Number Theorem: 7(x) ~ x/log x.) *arrow_forwardLet Σ logp. f(x) = Σ 1 and g(x) = Σ prime p≤x p=3 (mod 10) (i) Find ƒ(40) and g(40). prime p≤x p=3 (mod 10) (ii) Prove that g(x) = f(x) logx – [*t^¹ƒ(t) dt. 2arrow_forward
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