Concept Introduction:
Stockholders equity Transactions refer to, transactions carried out by an organisation by issuing its shares. The main purpose of issuance of shares is to raise funds, but shares could also be issued, to pay dividends in the form of "Stock Dividends", Pay off Lenders, Creditors, Promoters in lieu of Cash etc.
Requirement 1
Concept Introduction:
Retained Earnings comprises amounts of Net Income that have not been distributed as dividend, but have been saved for further development of the organisation. Besides Net Income other entries like Stock dividend, Sale of Treasury Stock, Dividends paid off are also routed through the retained earnings account.
Requirement 2
Statement of Retained Earnings.

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Chapter 13 Solutions
FUND ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES BUNDLE
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