Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The statement “Nonanal has a lower melting point than nonane” has to be predicted as true or false. If the statement is false, the reason for the false statement has to be described.
(a)
Answer to Problem 2MCP
The given statement is false because the melting point of nonanal will be higher than nonane due to the presence of strong dipole-dipole attractions in nonanal.
Explanation of Solution
Nonanal is an aldehyde and nonane is an
The carbonyl group of an aldehyde or a ketone is polar because oxygen is more electronegative than carbon. This produces a dipole in which the oxygen carries a partial negative charge and the carbon carries a partial positive charge. Because of the dipole-dipole attractions between molecules are stronger than London dispersion forces,
(b)
Interpretation:
The statement “Nonanal has a higher boiling point than nonanol” has to be predicted as true or false. If the statement is false, the reason for the false statement has to be described.
(b)
Answer to Problem 2MCP
The given statement is true.
Explanation of Solution
Nonanal is an aldehyde and nonanol is an alcohol.
Alcohols have strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The
Aldehydes have lower boiling points when compared to alcohols, showing the presence of weak intermolecular dipole-dipole forces. Aldehydes and ketones cannot form hydrogen bond with other aldehydes or ketones due to the absence of oxygen-hydrogen bond in the carbonyl group.
Hence, the statement “Nonanal has a higher boiling point than nonanol” is true.
(c)
Interpretation:
The statement “nonanal is not soluble in water” has to be predicted as true or false. If the statement is false, the reason for the false statement has to be described.
(c)
Answer to Problem 2MCP
The given statement is true.
Explanation of Solution
Aldehydes with five or fewer carbon atoms are soluble in water.
Nonanal is a saturated fatty aldehyde with chain length containing nine carbon atoms. The hydrophobic part is non-polar and is insoluble in water. Therefore, the given statement is true.
(d)
Interpretation:
The statement “Nonanal is polar” has to be predicted as true or false. If the statement is false, the reason for the false statement has to be described.
(d)
Answer to Problem 2MCP
The given statement is true.
Explanation of Solution
The structure of nonanal is,
Nonanal consists of carbonyl carbon attached with carbon containing groups. Because of the presence of polar carbonyl group, nonanal is polar in nature. Hence, the given statement is true.
(e)
Interpretation:
The line formula of nonanal has to be predicted as true or false. If the statement is false, the reason for the false statement has to be described.
(e)
Answer to Problem 2MCP
The given line formula of nonanal is false because it represents octanal.
Explanation of Solution
The given line formula is,
The above line formula represents octanal. Therefore, it is false.
The line formula of nonanal is,
(f)
Interpretation:
The statement “Nonanal has weaker dispersion forces between molecules than heptanal” has to be predicted as true or false. If the statement is false, the reason for the false statement has to be described.
(f)
Answer to Problem 2MCP
The given statement is true.
Explanation of Solution
The dispersion forces decreases with increase in number of carbon atoms. Nonanal has nine carbon atoms and heptanal has seven carbon atoms, the dispersion forces present in nonanal would be weaker than that of heptanol. Therefore, the given statement is true.
(g)
Interpretation:
The statement “Nonanal is solid at room temperature” has to be predicted as true or false. If the statement is false, the reason for the false statement has to be described.
(g)
Answer to Problem 2MCP
The given statement is false because it appears as liquid at room temperature.
Explanation of Solution
Nonanal is liquid that is characterized by a rose-orange odor. It is insoluble in water and is found in twenty essential oils including rose and citrus oils and several species of pine oil.
(h)
Interpretation:
The statement “Oxidation of nonanal would produce a primary alcohol” has to be predicted as true or false. If the statement is false, the reason for the false statement has to be described.
(h)
Answer to Problem 2MCP
The given statement is false because the oxidation of nonanal would produce a
Explanation of Solution
Oxidation of nonanal would produce a carboxylic acid named nonanoic acid. Nonanal is produced by the reduction of primary alcohol (nonanol).
(i)
Interpretation:
The statement “Nonanal is more oxidized than nonanol” has to be predicted as true or false. If the statement is false, the reason for the false statement has to be described.
(i)
Answer to Problem 2MCP
The given statement is true.
Explanation of Solution
The presence of hydrogen bonding capabilities and the presence of one oxygen atoms along with an extra hydrogen atom makes them more oxidized than nonanol.
Hence, the statement “Nonanal is more oxidized than nonanol” is true.
(j)
Interpretation:
The statement “The reaction of nonanal with an ethanol molecule would produce an acetal” has to be predicted as true or false. If the statement is false, the reason for the false statement has to be described.
(j)
Answer to Problem 2MCP
The given statement is false because reaction of nonanal with an ethanol molecule would produce hemiacetal.
Explanation of Solution
A hemiacetal is formed when nonanal reacts with one molecule of ethanol. The given statement is false because acetals are generally produced from two molecules of alcohols with aldehydes/ketones.
(k)
Interpretation:
The statement “The enol structure of nonanal” has to be predicted as true or false. If the statement is false, the reason for the false statement has to be described.
(k)
Answer to Problem 2MCP
The given statement is true.
Explanation of Solution
The keto-enol form of nonanal is,
Hence, the given statement is true.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 13 Solutions
GENERAL, ORGANIC, BIOCHEM (ACCESS CARD)
- For each reaction below, decide if the first stable organic product that forms in solution will create a new CC bond, and check the appropriate box. Next, for each reaction to which you answered "Yes" to in the table, draw this product in the drawing area below. Note for advanced students: for this problem, don't worry if you think this product will continue to react under the current conditions - just focus on the first stable product you expect to form in solution. དྲ。 ✗MgBr ? O CI Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new C-C bond? Yes No • ? Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? Yes No × : ☐ Xarrow_forwardPredict the major products of this organic reaction: OH NaBH4 H ? CH3OH Note: be sure you use dash and wedge bonds when necessary, for example to distinguish between major products with different stereochemistry. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. ☐ : Sarrow_forwardPredict the major products of this organic reaction: 1. LIAIHA 2. H₂O ? Note: be sure you use dash and wedge bonds when necessary, for example to distinguish between major products with different stereochemistry. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. X : ☐arrow_forward
- For each reaction below, decide if the first stable organic product that forms in solution will create a new C - C bond, and check the appropriate box. Next, for each reaction to which you answered "Yes" to in the table, draw this product in the drawing area below. Note for advanced students: for this problem, don't worry if you think this product will continue to react under the current conditions - just focus on the first stable product you expect to form in solution. NH2 tu ? ? OH Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? Yes No Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? Yes No C $ ©arrow_forwardAs the lead product manager at OrganometALEKS Industries, you are trying to decide if the following reaction will make a molecule with a new C-C bond as its major product: 1. MgCl ? 2. H₂O* If this reaction will work, draw the major organic product or products you would expect in the drawing area below. If there's more than one major product, you can draw them in any arrangement you like. Be sure you use wedge and dash bonds if necessary, for example to distinguish between major products with different stereochemistry. If the major products of this reaction won't have a new CC bond, just check the box under the drawing area and leave it blank. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. This reaction will not make a product with a new CC bond. G marrow_forwardIncluding activity coefficients, find [Hg22+] in saturated Hg2Br2 in 0.00100 M NH4 Ksp Hg2Br2 = 5.6×10-23.arrow_forward
- give example for the following(by equation) a. Converting a water insoluble compound to a soluble one. b. Diazotization reaction form diazonium salt c. coupling reaction of a diazonium salt d. indacator properties of MO e. Diazotization ( diazonium salt of bromobenzene)arrow_forward2-Propanone and ethyllithium are mixed and subsequently acid hydrolyzed. Draw and name the structures of the products.arrow_forward(Methanesulfinyl)methane is reacted with NaH, and then with acetophenone. Draw and name the structures of the products.arrow_forward
- 3-Oxo-butanenitrile and (E)-2-butenal are mixed with sodium ethoxide in ethanol. Draw and name the structures of the products.arrow_forwardWhat is the reason of the following(use equations if possible) a.) In MO preperation through diazotization: Addition of sodium nitrite in acidfied solution in order to form diazonium salt b.) in MO experiment: addition of sodium hydroxide solution in the last step to isolate the product MO. What is the color of MO at low pH c.) In MO experiment: addition of sodium hydroxide solution in the last step to isolate the product MO. What is the color of MO at pH 4.5 d.) Avoiding not cooling down the reaction mixture when preparing the diazonium salt e.) Cbvcarrow_forwardA 0.552-g sample of an unknown acid was dissolved in water to a total volume of 20.0 mL. This sample was titrated with 0.1103 M KOH. The equivalence point occurred at 29.42 mL base added. The pH of the solution at 10.0 mL base added was 3.72. Determine the molar mass of the acid. Determine the Ka of the acid.arrow_forward
ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Principles of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage Learning
Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY