Concept explainers
A mutation removes a single base pair within the coding sequence of a gene and inactivates the protein encoded by the gene. Such a mutation is
- a silent mutation.
- a missense mutation.
- a nonsense mutation.
- a frameshift mutation.
- both b and c.
Introduction:
The mutation can be described as a condition in which the nucleotide sequence of the DNA is altered. Even a single change in nucleotide may result in many consequences.
Answer to Problem 1TY
Option (d).
Explanation of Solution
Explanation for Correct Answer:
Option (d) frameshift mutation. The frameshift mutation occurs due to a deletion or insertion of nucleotide, which is not a multiple of 3. It causes the shifting of the entire reading frame of DNA sequence, which is the reason it is named so. Sometimes, frameshift mutation may cause deletion of a nucleotide and resulting in a premature presence of stop codon and terminate the sequence prior resulting in short polypeptide or inactivation of the gene product. Hence, it is the correct answer.
Explanation for the incorrect answer:
Option (a) silent mutation. The silent mutation results in the change of nucleotide but does not affect the amino acid or protein formed by that. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.
Option (b) missense mutation. The missense mutation is a mutation that results in the change of nucleotide and replaces the amino acid in the protein sequence, but the length of the sequence remains unaffected. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.
Option (c) nonsense mutation. The non-sense mutations can be described as point mutation which results in the occurrence of a premature stop codon due to the replacement of a nucleotide. In this mutation, the presence of stop codon before the end of the sequence result in early termination of the amino acid formation and result in shorter polypeptide. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.
Option (e) both (b) and (c). As both the option (b) and (c)are incorrect answers, this is also an incorrect option.
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Chapter 13 Solutions
Principles of Biology
- As bacterial DNA replicates, a point mutation occurs in which an A nucleotide is changed to a C nucleotide. Although the mutation changes the codon sequence, it does not change the resulting amino acid in the protein. This would best be described as a missense mutation. splicing site mutation. frameshift mutation. nonsense mutation. silent mutation.arrow_forwardWhich statement would be the best answer for the gene sequence?arrow_forwardFor questions 1-4, fill in the DNA, mRNA and/or protein sequence.... For questions 1-4, fill in the DNA, mRNA and/or protein sequence. Fill in the DNA and mRNA three nucleotides (one codon) at a time. Fill in the protein sequence by typing in the amino acid found in the genetic code table. Type in the three letter abbreviation. For example, type in "Met" instead of "Methioine". For the stop codon, type in "stop". Capitalization doesn't matter when filling in the sequences of the amino acids. You will need to have a copy of the genetic code handy when completing this activity. Remember The two DNA strands must be complementary. That is, A pairs with T and C pairs with G. The template strand of DNA is transcribed into mRNA using our base-pairing rules. When making RNA, U is used in place of T. This means that if there is an A in the template DNA strand, there will be a U in the mRNA strand. Each codon (3 nucleotides) of the mRNA is translated into an amino acid to build a protein. Look…arrow_forward
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- A reversion is a mutation that returns a mutant codon back to acodon that gives a wild-type phenotype. At the DNA level, this typeof mutation can be an exact reversion or an equivalent reversion. An equivalent reversion produces a protein that is equivalent to thewild-type protein in structure and function. This outcome canoccur in two ways. In some cases, the reversion produces thewild-type amino acid (in this case, glutamic acid), but it uses adifferent codon than the wild-type gene. Alternatively, an equivalentreversion may substitute an amino acid structurally similarto the wild-type amino acid. In our example, an equivalent reversionhas changed valine to an aspartic acid. Because aspartic andglutamic acids are structurally similar—they are acidic aminoacids—this type of reversion can restore wild-type structure andfunction.Here is the question: The template strand within the codingsequence of a gene has the following sequence:3′–TACCCCTTCGACCCCGGA–5′This template produces the…arrow_forwardName three different types of loss of function mutations and in each case explain how the mutation exerts a loss of function effect on a genearrow_forwardWhich of the following mutations would likely have the greatest negative impact on the protein product of a gene? Group of answer choices a single base deletion close to the end of the coding region of a gene a single base insertion just after the start of the coding region of the gene a deletion of three bases near the middle of the gene a base-pair substitutionarrow_forward
- nonsense mutations add a stop codon, which stops translation at the site of the mutation. This makes the protein shorter for the wild type. true or falsearrow_forwardThe code for a fully functional protein is actually coming from an mRNA transcript that has undergone post transcriptional processing which is essentially way too different from the original code in the DNA template. Given: Cytosine; a Protein with known amino acid sequence Requirement: Original DNA code (itemize the steps you would take to get to know the original DNA code of Cytosine in focus)arrow_forwardhelparrow_forward
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