The reason behind an anaerobic condition when the cell could not discard pyruvate as a waste product. Introduction: The cells growing in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic condition) in which the end product of glycolysis is pyruvate undergoes fermentation. In the process of fermentation, NAD + is regenerated from NADH by transferring electron to organic molecule like lactate and ethanol.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason behind an anaerobic condition when the cell could not discard pyruvate as a waste product.

Introduction: The cells growing in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic condition) in which the end product of glycolysis is pyruvate undergoes fermentation. In the process of fermentation, NAD⁺ is regenerated from NADH by transferring electron to organic molecule like lactate and ethanol.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In the process of fermentation, in anaerobic condition of cell NAD⁺ is regenerated from NADH by transferring electron to organic molecule. To continue the process of glycolysis in the cell, cells need to regenerate NAD⁺. So, without the fermentation process there is no other methodical way to generate NAD^+.In absence of NAD⁺, the glycolysis process is discontinued from the step- 6 that is energy generation phage where the oxidation of glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate produce 1, 3-biphosphoglycerate to continue the glycolysis process.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The products from glucose accumulate in the cell unable to generate either lactate or ethanol by fermentation.

Introduction: The cells growing in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic condition) in which the end product of glycolysis is pyruvate undergoes fermentation. In the process of fermentation, NAD⁺ is regenerated from NADH by transferring electron to organic molecule like lactate and ethanol.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In the fermentation process in presence of pyruvate, the NAD⁺ is reinitiated from NADH by transferring electron to organic molecule like lactate and ethanol. To keep glycolysis continuing in the cell, it needs regenerated NAD⁺. There is no suitable way rather than the fermentation to produce NAD⁺. In glycolysis process in absence of regenerated NAD⁺ at energy generation step of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1, 3-biphosphoglycerate will not occur. The product glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate would accumulate in the cell unable to make either lactate or ethanol, neither it would able to regenerate NAD⁺. So, in this step also glycolysis process is blocked.

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8. Aerobic respiration of a 5 mM solution of tripeptide that is composed of the following three amino acids; alanine, leucine and isoleucine. Alanine breaks down to pyruvate, leucine breaks down to Acetyl-CoA and isoleucine breaks down to succinyl-CoA. Alanine NADH FADH2 OP ATP SLP ATP Total ATP Leucine Isoleucine Totals Show your work using dimensional analysis here: 4

9. Aerobic respiration of one lipid molecule. The lipid is composed of one glycerol molecule connected to two fatty acid tails. One fatty acid is 12 carbons long and the other fatty acid is 18 carbons long in the figure below. Use the information below to determine how much ATP will be produced from the glycerol part of the lipid. Then, in part B, determine how much ATP is produced from the 2 fatty acids of the lipid. Finally put the NADH and ATP yields together from the glycerol and fatty acids (part A and B) to determine your total number of ATP produced per lipid. Assume no other carbon source is available. fatty acids glycerol 18 carbons 12 carbons 0=

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason behind an anaerobic condition when the cell could not discard pyruvate as a waste product.

Introduction: The cells growing in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic condition) in which the end product of glycolysis is pyruvate undergoes fermentation. In the process of fermentation, NAD⁺ is regenerated from NADH by transferring electron to organic molecule like lactate and ethanol.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In the process of fermentation, in anaerobic condition of cell NAD⁺ is regenerated from NADH by transferring electron to organic molecule. To continue the process of glycolysis in the cell, cells need to regenerate NAD⁺. So, without the fermentation process there is no other methodical way to generate NAD^+.In absence of NAD⁺, the glycolysis process is discontinued from the step- 6 that is energy generation phage where the oxidation of glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate produce 1, 3-biphosphoglycerate to continue the glycolysis process.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The products from glucose accumulate in the cell unable to generate either lactate or ethanol by fermentation.

Introduction: The cells growing in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic condition) in which the end product of glycolysis is pyruvate undergoes fermentation. In the process of fermentation, NAD⁺ is regenerated from NADH by transferring electron to organic molecule like lactate and ethanol.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In the fermentation process in presence of pyruvate, the NAD⁺ is reinitiated from NADH by transferring electron to organic molecule like lactate and ethanol. To keep glycolysis continuing in the cell, it needs regenerated NAD⁺. There is no suitable way rather than the fermentation to produce NAD⁺. In glycolysis process in absence of regenerated NAD⁺ at energy generation step of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1, 3-biphosphoglycerate will not occur. The product glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate would accumulate in the cell unable to make either lactate or ethanol, neither it would able to regenerate NAD⁺. So, in this step also glycolysis process is blocked.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason behind an anaerobic condition when the cell could not discard pyruvate as a waste product.

Introduction: The cells growing in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic condition) in which the end product of glycolysis is pyruvate undergoes fermentation. In the process of fermentation, NAD⁺ is regenerated from NADH by transferring electron to organic molecule like lactate and ethanol.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In the process of fermentation, in anaerobic condition of cell NAD⁺ is regenerated from NADH by transferring electron to organic molecule. To continue the process of glycolysis in the cell, cells need to regenerate NAD⁺. So, without the fermentation process there is no other methodical way to generate NAD^+.In absence of NAD⁺, the glycolysis process is discontinued from the step- 6 that is energy generation phage where the oxidation of glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate produce 1, 3-biphosphoglycerate to continue the glycolysis process.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The products from glucose accumulate in the cell unable to generate either lactate or ethanol by fermentation.

Introduction: The cells growing in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic condition) in which the end product of glycolysis is pyruvate undergoes fermentation. In the process of fermentation, NAD⁺ is regenerated from NADH by transferring electron to organic molecule like lactate and ethanol.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In the fermentation process in presence of pyruvate, the NAD⁺ is reinitiated from NADH by transferring electron to organic molecule like lactate and ethanol. To keep glycolysis continuing in the cell, it needs regenerated NAD⁺. There is no suitable way rather than the fermentation to produce NAD⁺. In glycolysis process in absence of regenerated NAD⁺ at energy generation step of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1, 3-biphosphoglycerate will not occur. The product glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate would accumulate in the cell unable to make either lactate or ethanol, neither it would able to regenerate NAD⁺. So, in this step also glycolysis process is blocked.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason behind an anaerobic condition when the cell could not discard pyruvate as a waste product.

Introduction: The cells growing in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic condition) in which the end product of glycolysis is pyruvate undergoes fermentation. In the process of fermentation, NAD⁺ is regenerated from NADH by transferring electron to organic molecule like lactate and ethanol.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In the process of fermentation, in anaerobic condition of cell NAD⁺ is regenerated from NADH by transferring electron to organic molecule. To continue the process of glycolysis in the cell, cells need to regenerate NAD⁺. So, without the fermentation process there is no other methodical way to generate NAD^+.In absence of NAD⁺, the glycolysis process is discontinued from the step- 6 that is energy generation phage where the oxidation of glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate produce 1, 3-biphosphoglycerate to continue the glycolysis process.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The products from glucose accumulate in the cell unable to generate either lactate or ethanol by fermentation.

Introduction: The cells growing in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic condition) in which the end product of glycolysis is pyruvate undergoes fermentation. In the process of fermentation, NAD⁺ is regenerated from NADH by transferring electron to organic molecule like lactate and ethanol.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In the fermentation process in presence of pyruvate, the NAD⁺ is reinitiated from NADH by transferring electron to organic molecule like lactate and ethanol. To keep glycolysis continuing in the cell, it needs regenerated NAD⁺. There is no suitable way rather than the fermentation to produce NAD⁺. In glycolysis process in absence of regenerated NAD⁺ at energy generation step of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1, 3-biphosphoglycerate will not occur. The product glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate would accumulate in the cell unable to make either lactate or ethanol, neither it would able to regenerate NAD⁺. So, in this step also glycolysis process is blocked.

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Answer 5

Chapter 13, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason behind an anaerobic condition when the cell could not discard pyruvate as a waste product.

Introduction: The cells growing in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic condition) in which the end product of glycolysis is pyruvate undergoes fermentation. In the process of fermentation, NAD⁺ is regenerated from NADH by transferring electron to organic molecule like lactate and ethanol.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In the process of fermentation, in anaerobic condition of cell NAD⁺ is regenerated from NADH by transferring electron to organic molecule. To continue the process of glycolysis in the cell, cells need to regenerate NAD⁺. So, without the fermentation process there is no other methodical way to generate NAD^+.In absence of NAD⁺, the glycolysis process is discontinued from the step- 6 that is energy generation phage where the oxidation of glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate produce 1, 3-biphosphoglycerate to continue the glycolysis process.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The products from glucose accumulate in the cell unable to generate either lactate or ethanol by fermentation.

Introduction: The cells growing in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic condition) in which the end product of glycolysis is pyruvate undergoes fermentation. In the process of fermentation, NAD⁺ is regenerated from NADH by transferring electron to organic molecule like lactate and ethanol.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In the fermentation process in presence of pyruvate, the NAD⁺ is reinitiated from NADH by transferring electron to organic molecule like lactate and ethanol. To keep glycolysis continuing in the cell, it needs regenerated NAD⁺. There is no suitable way rather than the fermentation to produce NAD⁺. In glycolysis process in absence of regenerated NAD⁺ at energy generation step of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1, 3-biphosphoglycerate will not occur. The product glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate would accumulate in the cell unable to make either lactate or ethanol, neither it would able to regenerate NAD⁺. So, in this step also glycolysis process is blocked.

Answer 6

Chapter 13, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason behind an anaerobic condition when the cell could not discard pyruvate as a waste product.

Introduction: The cells growing in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic condition) in which the end product of glycolysis is pyruvate undergoes fermentation. In the process of fermentation, NAD⁺ is regenerated from NADH by transferring electron to organic molecule like lactate and ethanol.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In the process of fermentation, in anaerobic condition of cell NAD⁺ is regenerated from NADH by transferring electron to organic molecule. To continue the process of glycolysis in the cell, cells need to regenerate NAD⁺. So, without the fermentation process there is no other methodical way to generate NAD^+.In absence of NAD⁺, the glycolysis process is discontinued from the step- 6 that is energy generation phage where the oxidation of glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate produce 1, 3-biphosphoglycerate to continue the glycolysis process.

Answer 7

Chapter 13, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason behind an anaerobic condition when the cell could not discard pyruvate as a waste product.

Introduction: The cells growing in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic condition) in which the end product of glycolysis is pyruvate undergoes fermentation. In the process of fermentation, NAD⁺ is regenerated from NADH by transferring electron to organic molecule like lactate and ethanol.

Answer 8

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In the process of fermentation, in anaerobic condition of cell NAD⁺ is regenerated from NADH by transferring electron to organic molecule. To continue the process of glycolysis in the cell, cells need to regenerate NAD⁺. So, without the fermentation process there is no other methodical way to generate NAD^+.In absence of NAD⁺, the glycolysis process is discontinued from the step- 6 that is energy generation phage where the oxidation of glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate produce 1, 3-biphosphoglycerate to continue the glycolysis process.

Answer 9

Expert Solution

Answer 10

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Summary Introduction

To explain: The products from glucose accumulate in the cell unable to generate either lactate or ethanol by fermentation.

Introduction: The cells growing in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic condition) in which the end product of glycolysis is pyruvate undergoes fermentation. In the process of fermentation, NAD⁺ is regenerated from NADH by transferring electron to organic molecule like lactate and ethanol.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In the fermentation process in presence of pyruvate, the NAD⁺ is reinitiated from NADH by transferring electron to organic molecule like lactate and ethanol. To keep glycolysis continuing in the cell, it needs regenerated NAD⁺. There is no suitable way rather than the fermentation to produce NAD⁺. In glycolysis process in absence of regenerated NAD⁺ at energy generation step of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1, 3-biphosphoglycerate will not occur. The product glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate would accumulate in the cell unable to make either lactate or ethanol, neither it would able to regenerate NAD⁺. So, in this step also glycolysis process is blocked.

Answer 13

Summary Introduction

To explain: The products from glucose accumulate in the cell unable to generate either lactate or ethanol by fermentation.

Introduction: The cells growing in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic condition) in which the end product of glycolysis is pyruvate undergoes fermentation. In the process of fermentation, NAD⁺ is regenerated from NADH by transferring electron to organic molecule like lactate and ethanol.

Answer 14

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In the fermentation process in presence of pyruvate, the NAD⁺ is reinitiated from NADH by transferring electron to organic molecule like lactate and ethanol. To keep glycolysis continuing in the cell, it needs regenerated NAD⁺. There is no suitable way rather than the fermentation to produce NAD⁺. In glycolysis process in absence of regenerated NAD⁺ at energy generation step of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1, 3-biphosphoglycerate will not occur. The product glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate would accumulate in the cell unable to make either lactate or ethanol, neither it would able to regenerate NAD⁺. So, in this step also glycolysis process is blocked.