Economics: Principles & Policy
Economics: Principles & Policy
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781337912679
Author: William J. Baumol; Alan S. Blinder; John L. Solow
Publisher: Cengage Learning US
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Chapter 13, Problem 1DQ
To determine

The firms under oligopoly, monopolistic competition, and perfect competition.

Expert Solution & Answer
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Explanation of Solution

Oligopoly refers to a market structure in which a small number of interdependent firms compete. Some of the examples of oligopoly market are petroleum, chemicals, aircrafts and tires, cigarettes, beer, wireless service, steel, and so on.

Monopolistic competition is a type of imperfect market situation that has a relatively large number of buyers and sellers in the market, differentiated products, some control over the market price, and a few barriers to entry and exit. Groceries, shoe makers, restaurants, bicycle shops, laundries, novelty stores, and so on are examples of monopolistic competition.

Perfect competition is a market condition where a very large number of buyers and sellers exist, and the seller sells homogenous products with perfect knowledge. Farming and corporate stocks and bond sales are the examples of perfect competition. Generally, the perfect competition market is very rare to find because almost all the market structures in a practical situation have at least one different characteristic.

Economics Concept Introduction

Oligopoly: Oligopoly refers to a market structure in which a small number of interdependent firms compete.

Monopolistic competition: Monopolistic competition is a type of imperfect market situation that has a relatively large number of buyers and sellers in the market, differentiated products, some control over the market price, and a few barriers to entry and exit.

Perfect competition: Perfect competition is a market condition where a very large number of buyers and sellers exist, and the seller sells homogenous products with perfect knowledge.

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Please answer questions D-H, I have already answered A , B,C but it may help you to still solve them yourself. Thank you!
2. A firm’s production function is given by:Q = 10KLThe unit capital and labour costs are 2 and 1 pounds respectively. The firm is contracted to produce2000 units.(a) Write out the optimisation problem of the firm. (b) Express this problem using a Lagrangian function. (c) Find values of K and L which fulfil the contract with minimal cost to the firm. (d) Calculate the total cost to the firm.
3. Consider the following estimated regression equation, estimated using a sample of firms, where RDis total firm spending on research and development in USD ($), Revenue is total firm revenuein USD ($), and W ages is the firms’ total spending on wages in USD ($) (standard errors inparentheses):RDd = 1000(600)+ 0.5(0.1)Revenue + 1.5(0.5)W ages,(a) Interpret the coefficients on each of the explanatory variables. (b) Which of the three coefficients are statistically significant at the 5% level of significance? Howdo you know? A researcher runs a two-sided statistical test of the null hypothesis that both the coefficients onthe explanatory variables above are jointly equal to 0.25 (mathematically, that β1 = β2 = 0.25),and reports a p-value of 0.045.(c) What does this p-value mean for the outcome of the test? (d) What would an appropriate two-sided alternative hypothesis look like?
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