Modern Physics
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781111794378
Author: Raymond A. Serway, Clement J. Moses, Curt A. Moyer
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 13, Problem 16Q
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Difference between neutrino and proton.
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Chapter 13 Solutions
Modern Physics
Ch. 13.4 - Prob. 1ECh. 13 - Prob. 1QCh. 13 - A proton precesses with a frequency p in the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 3QCh. 13 - Prob. 4QCh. 13 - Prob. 5QCh. 13 - Prob. 7QCh. 13 - Prob. 8QCh. 13 - Prob. 9QCh. 13 - What fraction of a radioactive sample has decayed...
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- The power output of the Sun is 41026 W. (a) If 90% of this energy is supplied by the proton-proton chain, how many protons are consumed per second? (b) How many neutrinos per second should there be per square meter at the surface of Earth from this process?arrow_forwardThe Galileo space probe was launched on its long journey past Venus and Earth in 1989, with an ultimate goal of Jupiter. Its power source is 11.0 kg of 238Pu, a by-product of nuclear weapons plutonium production. Electrical energy is generated thermoelectrically from the heat produced when the 5.59-MeV a panicles emitted in each decay crash to a halt inside the plutonium and its shielding. The half-life of 238Pu is 87.7 years. What was the original activity of the 238Pu in becquerels? What power was emitted in kilowatts? What power was emitted 12.0 y after launch? You may neglect any extra energy from daughter nuclides and any losses from escaping rays.arrow_forwardArrange the following according to their ability to act as radiation shields, with the best first and worst last. Explain your ordering in terms of how radiation loses its energy in matter. (a) A solid material with low density composed of low-mass atoms. (b) A gas composed of highmass alums. (c) A gas composed of lowmass atoms. (d) A solid with high density composed of highmass atoms.arrow_forward
- (a) Calculate the energy released in the a decay of 238U. (b) What fraction of the mass at a single 238U is destroyed in the decay? The mass of 234Th is 234.043593 u. (c) Although the fractional mass loss is laws for a single nucleus, it is difficult to observe for an entire macroscopic sample of uranium. Why is this?arrow_forwardThe electrical power output of a large nuclear reactor facility is 900 MW. It has a 35.0% efficiency in converting nuclear power to electrical. (a) What is the thermal nuclear power output in megawatts? (b) How many 235U nuclei fission each second, assuming the average fission produces 200 MeV? (c) What mass of 235U is fissioned in one year of fullpower operation?arrow_forwardA radiationenhanced nuclear weapon (or neutron bomb) can have a smaller total yield and still produce more prompt radiation than a conventional nuclear bomb. This allows the use of neutron bombs to kill nearby advancing enemy forces with radiation without blowing up your own forces with the blast. For a 0.500kT radiationenhanced weapon and a 1.00kT conventional nuclear bomb: (a) Compare the blast yields. (b) Compare the prompt radiation yields.arrow_forward
- Two astronomy students travel to South Dakota. One stands on Earth’s surface and enjoys some sunshine. At the same time, the other descends into a gold mine where neutrinos are detected, arriving in time to detect the creation of a new radioactive argon nucleus. Although the photon at the surface and the neutrinos in the mine arrive at the same time, they have had very different histories. Describe the differences.arrow_forwardThe power output of the Sun is 41026W. (a) If 90% of this is supplied by the protonproton cycle, how many protons are consumed per second? (b) How many neutrinos per second should there be per square meter at the Earth from this process? This huge number is indicative of how rarely a neutrino interacts, since large detectors observe very few per day.arrow_forwardIf two nuclei are to fuse in a nuclear reaction, they must be moving fast enough so that the repulsive Coulomb force between them does not prevent them for getting within R1014mof one another. At this distance or nearer, the attractive nuclear force can overcome the Coulomb force, and the nuclei are able to fuse. (a) Find a simple formula that can be used to estimate the minimum kinetic energy the nuclei must have if they are to fuse. To keep the calculation simple, assume the two nuclei are identical and moving toward one another with the same speed v. (b) Use this minimum kinetic energy to estimate the minimum temperature a gas of the nuclei must have before a significant number of them will undergo fusion. Calculate this minimum temperature first for hydrogen and then for helium. (Hint: For fusion to occur, the minimum kinetic energy when the nuclei are far apart must be equal to the Coulomb potential energy when they are a distance R apart.)arrow_forward
- The electrical power output of a large nuclear reactor facility is 900 MW. It has a 35.0% efficiency in converting nuclear power to electrical power. What is the thermal nuclear power output in megawatts? How many 235U nuclei fission each second, assuming the average fission produces 200 MeV? What mass of 235U is fissioned in 1 year of full-power operation?arrow_forwardUnreasonable Results A frazzled theoretical physicist reckons that all conservation laws are obeyed in the decay of a proton into a neutron, positron, and neutrino (as in (+ decay of a nucleus) and sends a paper to a journal to announce the reaction as a possible end of the universe due to the spontaneous decay of protons. (a) What energy is released in this decay? (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) What assumption is responsible?arrow_forwardWhen a nucleus (decays, does the (particle move continuously from inside the nucleus to outside? That is, does it travel each point along an imaginary line from inside to out? Explain.arrow_forward
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